Kalyazin

A sloboda (a settlement for people relieved from paying taxes) appeared on the site of modern Kalyazin in the 12th century.^[3] Its importance grew significantly with the foundation of the Makaryevsky Monastery on the opposite bank of the Volga in the 15th century.^[3] This abbey used to be the most conspicuous landmark of Kalyazin and comprised numerous buildings of historic interest, including a refectory from 1525.^{[citation needed]} The name of the town originates from certain Kolyaga, a land proprietor in the 15th century.^[3]

In the 18th century, the area was included into Moscow Governorate.^{[citation needed]} In 1775, Kalyazin was granted town rights^[3] and Kalyazinsky Uyezd was established.^{[citation needed]} It was a part of newly established Tver Viceroyalty.^{[citation needed]} In 1796, the Viceroyalty was abolished and transformed into Tver Governorate.^{[citation needed]} Kalyazinsky Uyezd was abolished, but in 1803, it was re-established.^[13] On May 30, 1922, Kalyazinsky Uyezd was abolished and merged into Kashinsky Uyezd.^[14] On October 3, 1927, Kashinsky Uyezd itself was abolished and split between Bezhetsky and Kimrsky Uyezds.^[14]

On August 12, 1929, Tver Governorate was abolished, with its territory transferred to Moscow Oblast.^[14] Uyezds were abolished as well, and Kalyazinsky District, with the administrative center in Kalyazin, was established within Kimry Okrug of Moscow Oblast.^[14] On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.^[15] On January 29, 1935, Kalinin Oblast was established, and Kalyazinsky District was transferred to it.^[14]

In 1940, the monastery and most of the old town were submerged under water during the construction of the Uglich Hydroelectric Station, which created the Uglich Reservoir. After that, the town was effectively relocated to a new, higher spot.

On February 13, 1963, during the abortive Khrushchev's administrative reform, Kalyazinsky District was merged into Kimrsky District, but on March 4, 1964 it was re-established.^[14] In July 1990, Kalinin Oblast was renamed Tver Oblast.^[16]

On November 19, 2001, a chartered IRS Aero Ilyushin Il-18 airplane crashed in Kalyazin, killing all twenty-seven on board.^[17] On August 26, 2010, dozens of Central Asian guest workers were deported from the town after mass clashes with the locals.^[18] Their construction site jobs were given to locals instead.^[19]

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kalyazin serves as the administrative center of Kalyazinsky District.^[6] As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Kalyazinsky District as Kalyazin Urban Settlement.^[2] As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban settlement status and is a part of Kalyazinsky Municipal District.^[7]

Two factories in Kalyazin—one producing oil extraction equipment and another one manufacturing some parts of MiG airplanes—are responsible for 42% of the total industrial production of the district. Chemical, food, leather, and textile industry are present as well.^[20]

Kalyazin is connected by train to Moscow (Savyolovsky railway station), Kashin, Uglich, Rybinsk, Sonkovo, Savyolovo.

Kalyazin is connected by roads with Sergiyev Posad, Uglich, and with Tver and Kimry via Kashin. There are local roads as well. There is bus traffic originating from Kalyazin.

The Volga is navigable; however, there is no passenger navigation.

Kalyazin contains sixteen cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally twenty-two objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. The town landmark is the Kalyazin Bell Tower, submerged by the Uglich Reservoir and located only partially above the water level. Other federal monuments include the ensemble of administrative buildings and living houses in the center of the town, and the Ascension and the Epiphany Churches.^[21]

The Kalyazinsky District Museum is located in Kalyazin.^[22]

• Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №34-ЗО от 17 апреля 2006 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Тверской области», в ред. Закона №66-ЗО от 1 октября 2014 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 18 Закона Тверской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Тверской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №17 (специальный выпуск), 19 апреля 2006 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #34-ZO of April 17, 2006 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Tver Oblast, as amended by the Law #66-ZO of October 1, 2014 On Amending Article 18 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Tver Oblast". Effective as of the official publication date.).
• Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №27-ЗО от 28 февраля 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории муниципального образования Тверской области "Калязинский район", и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения», в ред. Закона №60-ЗО от 13 июля 2009 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Тверской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории муниципального образования Тверской области "Калязинский район", и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №10, 11–17 марта 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #27-ZO of February 28, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Comprised by the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Kalyazinsky District" and on Granting Them the Status of Urban and Rural Settlements, as amended by the Law #60-ZO of July 13, 2009 On Amending the Law of Tver Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Comprised by the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Kalyazinsky District" and on Granting Them the Status of Urban and Rural Settlements". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
• Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №4-ЗО от 18 января 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов», в ред. Закона №65-ЗО от 24 июля 2012 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 2 Закона Тверской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов"». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №3, 21–27 января 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #4-ZO of January 18, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts, as amended by the Law #65-ZO of July 24, 2012 On Amending Article 2 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication.).
• Снытко, О. В.; et al. (2009). С. Д. Трифонов; Т. Б. Чуйкова; Л. В. Федина; А. Э. Дубоносова (eds.). Административно-территориальное деление Новгородской губернии и области 1727-1995 гг. Справочник. [Administrative-Territorial Division of Novgorod Governorate and Oblast in 1727–1995. A Reference.] (PDF) (in Russian). Saint Petersburg. Retrieved August 19, 2014.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Президиум Верховного Совета РСФСР. Указ от 17 июля 1990 г. «О переименовании Калининской области в Тверскую область». (Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR. Decree of July 17, 1990 On Changing the Name of Kalinin Oblast to Tver Oblast. ).

Media related to Kalyazin at Wikimedia Commons

• Official website of Kalyazin (in Russian)
• Kalyazin Business Directory (in Russian)
• History of Kalyazin (in Russian)
• Photos of Kalyazin