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Help:IPA/Punjabi

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This page contains Indic text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks or boxes, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.
This page contains the Shahmukhi character lam with tah above. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols.

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Punjabi pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Punjabi phonology, Gurmukhi, and Shahmukhi for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Punjabi.

Consonants
IPAExamplesEnglish Approximation
GurmukhiShahmukhiISO 15919
bਬੂਹਾ
ਸਭ		بوہا
سَبھ		būhā
sabh		butter
dਦਿੱਤਾدِتّاdittāduck[1]

then

d͡ʒਜਦੋਂ
ਮਾਝ		جدوں
ماجھ		jadōṁ
mājh		jug
ɖਡੰਗਰ
ਕੱਢ		ڈَنگر
کڈھ		ḍaṅgar
kaḍḍh		guard[1]

(Rhotic dialects)

ɡਗੱਡੀگڈّیgaḍḍīgut
ɦਹਾਏہائےhāēahead
j[a]ਯਾਰੀیاریyārīyuck
kਕਿੱਥੇ
ਘਰ		کِتّھے
گھر		kitthē
ghar		scab
kʰ[b]ਖੰਡکھنڈkhaṇḍcab
lਉਲਾਂਭਾالانبھاulāṉbhāleaf
ɭ[c]ਰੌਲ਼ਾرَوࣇاrauḷāgarlic

(Rhotic dialects)

mਮਸੀਤمسِیتmasītmuch
nਨੂਹنُوہnūhpanther
ɳ[c]ਸੋਹਣਾسوہݨاsōhṇāburn
ɲਉਂਜاُنجuñjcanyon
ŋਕੰਗਣکنگݨkaṅgaṇbang
pਪਰ
ਭਰਿਆ		پَر
بھریا		par
bhariyā		spot
pʰ[b]ਫੁੱਲپُھلّ‎phullpot
ɾ[d]ਵਾਰੀواریwārīAmerican atom[2]
ɽਕੂੜکُوڑkūṛgarter (Rhotic dialects)
sਸਾਡਾساڈاsāḍāsun
tਤਿੱਲੜ
ਧੀ		تِلّڑ
دھی		tillaṛ
dhī		stub but dental[1]

think

tʰਓਥੇاوتھےōthētub but dental[1]
t͡ʃਚੜ੍ਹਦਾ
ਝੂਠ		چڑھدا
جُھوٹھ		caṛhdā
jhūṭh		catch
t͡ʃʰ[b]ਛੱਡچھڈّ‎chaḍḍchoose
ʈਸੱਟ
ਢੀਠ		سٹّ
ڈِھیٹھ		saṭṭa
ḍhīṭh		carts[1]
ʈʰਕਾਠکاٹھkāṭhtrip[1]
ʋ[e]ਵਹੁਟੀوَہُٹیvahuṭīvat[3]
Marginal consonants
f[f][b]ਫ਼ੇਰفیرfērfuss
ɣ[f]ਕਾਗ਼ਜ਼کاغَذkāġazsimilar to a French r
q[f]ਕ਼ਲਮقلَمqalamsomewhat like caught
r[d]ਮੁਕ਼ੱਰਰمُقرّرmuqarrartrilled r, like in Castillian Spanish
ʃ[f][g]ਹੋਸ਼ہوشhōśshoe
x[f][b]ਖ਼ਾਲਿਸخالِصk͟hālisScottish Loch
z[f]ਹਜ਼ਾਰہزارhazārzoo
ʒ[f][h]ਅਝ਼ਦਹਾاژدہاaždahāfusion
Vowels
IPAExamplesEnglish Approximation
GurmukhiShahmukhiISO 15919
əਕਮکمkamabout
aːਨਾਲ਼ناࣇnāḷfather
eਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂواہِگروwāhigurusay (shortened ē)
eːਜੇਬجیبjēbsay
ɛਮੈਨੂੰمینوںmainū̃pen[5]
ɛːਪੈਂਦਾپَینداpaindafairy
ɪਇਮਲੀاِملیimalīsit
iːਈਖاِیکھīkhseat
iਕੀਤੀکیتیkītīhappy[5][6]
oਉਹਨਾਂاوہناںuhnā̃gold (Received Pronunciation) go (General American)[5][7][5]
oːਕਰੋੜکروڑkarōṛborder (Received Pronunciation) goal (General American)
ɔਔਖਾاَوکھاaukhāhard (General American) dog (Received Pronunciation) horse (General American)[5]
ɔːਕੌਣکَوݨkauṇroar (Received Pronunciation) horse (General American)
ʊਤੁਕتُکtukbook
uːਸੂਤسُوتsūtmoon[6]
uਦੂਜਾدُوجاdūjāmoon[5]
◌̃ਬਾਂਸبان٘سbām̐snasal vowel faun
([ãː, õː], etc.)
ਮੈਂمیںmaiṁ
Suprasegmentals
IPAExampleNotes
ˈ◌/pənˈdʒaːb/stress
(placed before stressed syllable)
◌ː/ˈkəʈːaː/doubled consonant
(placed after doubled consonant)
á, é, ...ਕੋੜ੍ਹਾ کوڑھا koṛhā 'leper'rising or high tone
à, è, ...ਘੋੜਾ گھوڑا ghoṛā 'horse'falling or low tone

Notes

See also

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