Consonants |
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IPA | Orthography | nearest English equivalent |
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b | b | bill | d | d | dill | d͡z | j | heads ~ hedge [1] | ɖʐ | dr | Jill ~ drill [2] | f | f | fill | ɡ | g | gill | h | h | hill ~ ill | k | k | skill | l | l | lill | m | m | mill | n | n | nil | ŋ | n̈ | song | p | p | spill | r | r | rill (trilled) | s | s | sill ~ shill [1] | t | t | still | t͡s | ts | cats ~ catch [1] | ʈʂ | tr | chill ~ trill [2] | v | v | villa | z | z | blaze ~ beige [1] | Stress |
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IPA | Example | Note |
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ˈ ˌ | stress | (placed before stressed syllable) |
| Vowels |
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IPA | Orthography | nearest English equivalent |
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a | a | fat ~ father | e | e | pet ~ plate | i | i, y | seat | o | ô, ao, oa | old | u | o | coot | Diphthongs |
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aj | ai, ay | eye; Danish ej | aw | ao | Lao, often low | ej | ei, ey | grey | uj | oy | phooey!; French grenouille | Reduced vowels |
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ə | a | sofa | ə̥ | a | paternal (whispered) | ʲ | y, i | Preceding consonant is palatalized, i.e. pronounced as if a 'y' followed it; similar to minion | ʷ | o | quick but not fully rounding the lips | ː | | (long vowel) |
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