The Great Indonesia Movement Party (Indonesian: Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya), better known as the Gerindra Party, is a nationalist, right-wing populist political party in Indonesia. Since 2014, it has been the third-largest party in the House of Representatives (DPR), having secured 86 seats in the last election. It is led by the former army general and the president-elect of Indonesia Prabowo Subianto.
Great Indonesia Movement Party Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | Gerindra |
| General Chairman | Prabowo Subianto |
| Secretary-General | Ahmad Muzani |
| DPR group leader | Ahmad Muzani |
| Founded | 6 February 2008 |
| Split from | Golkar |
| Headquarters | Jakarta |
| Youth wing | TIDAR (Great Indonesia Bud) |
| Women's wing | PIRA (Great Indonesia Women) |
| Muslim wing | GEMIRA (Great Indonesia Muslim Movement) |
| Christian wing | GEKIRA (Great Indonesia Christian Movement) |
| Hindu-Buddhist wing | GEMA SADHANA (Sanatana Dharma Nusantara Society Movement) |
| Labour wing | SEGARA (Great Indonesia Labor Movement Center) |
| Membership (2022) | 498,963[1] |
| Ideology | Pancasila Indonesian nationalism Social conservatism Right-wing populism[2][3][4] |
| Political position | Right-wing[5][6] |
| National affiliation | Onward Indonesia Coalition Advanced Indonesia Coalition |
| Ballot number | 2 |
| DPR seats | 78 / 575 |
| DPRD I seats | 288 / 2,232 |
| DPRD II seats | 1,970 / 17,340 |
| Website | |
| gerindra | |
Formed in 2008, Gerindra serves as the political vehicle for Prabowo. The party first participated in the 2009 legislative election and secured 26 seats in the DPR. In the presidential election, Prabowo ran as the vice-presidential candidate for Megawati Soekarnoputri of PDI-P, but they were defeated by the incumbent president, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY). Gerindra then became the opposition to the SBY administration. In 2014, Gerindra placed third in the legislative election, and Prabowo ran with Hatta Rajasa against Joko Widodo (Jokowi) in the presidential election, but they lost. Gerindra once again became the opposition to the government. In the 2019 legislative election, Gerindra won the second-highest majority of votes. Prabowo ran with Sandiaga Uno against Jokowi and lost again. After Prabowo reconciled with Jokowi in July 2019, Gerindra joined the government coalition and was later appointed the Minister of Defense. In 2024, Prabowo ran with Gibran Rakabuming Raka and won the presidential election in the first round.
History
After coming last in Golkar's presidential convention on 21 April 2004, Prabowo served as a member of Golkar's Advisory Board until his resignation on 12 July 2008. Gerindra was formed on 6 February 2008 at the suggestion of Prabowo's younger brother, Hashim Djojohadikusumo, who helped pay for party's prime-time TV advertising campaign.[7] Prabowo was appointed chairman of the party's Founding Board.
Gerindra's provincial level election teams were formed in February 2009. The party then claimed a membership of approximately 15 million, with its support base coming from across Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan and Sulawesi.[8]
The party won 4.5% of the vote in the 2009 legislative election, and was awarded 26 seats in the People's Representative Council.[9]
The Reform Star Party (PBR) was merged into Gerindra in February 2011.[10]
In the national legislative election on 9 April 2014, the party's vote share jumped to 11.8%, making it the third-most popular party in Indonesia.[11] Gerindra almost trebled the number of seats it won from 26 seats in 2009 to 73 seats in 2014.
Following the death of Gerindra chairman Suhardi on 28 August 2014, Prabowo was appointed general chairman on 20 September 2014.[12]
Political identities
Ideology
The 2008 Law on Political Parties states that political parties are allowed to include specific characteristics that reflect their political aspirations, as long as they do not contradict Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution.[13] As per Articles 5 and 7 of its constitution and bylaws (AD/ART), Gerindra is founded on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, while its identity is rooted in nationalism, populism, religion, and social justice.[14] In February 2019, the party's central board member Andre Rosiade described Gerindra as a "nationalist-religious" party.[15] Outsider views on the party's political orientation vary. Academics and domestic observers classified Gerindra as a nationalist party,[16] while their international counterparts described it as a secular party with hard nationalist stance,[17] ultranationalist,[18] or "militant nationalist" party.[19] Tom Power disagrees with labeling Gerindra as a secular party and categorizes it as a "inclusivist-nationalist" party, due to its perceived willingness to compromise on Islamic political agendas.[20] Its political leaning has been described as right-wing[6][21] or right-wing populist.[2][22][3][4]
Political positions
In its political manifesto, Gerindra has taken positions on several issues. On politics, Gerindra seeks to overhaul Indonesia's political system, rejecting liberal democracy as counterproductive. It advocates a culturally aligned democracy, emphasizing robust national leadership based on Pancasila and the constitution.[23] In the economic field, Gerindra advocates economic populism, criticizing post-Suharto Indonesia's liberal economy. It seeks increased state involvement, rejects rising foreign debt, opposes the privatization of state-owned enterprises (BUMN), calls for the reevaluation of laws favoring foreign entities (such as the Oil and Gas Law and the Investment Law), and favors reintroducing Broad Outlines of State Policy (GBHN). Gerindra rejects a free-market system and supports protectionist measures.[24] Gerindra follows a populist and nationalist economic platform, targeting the lower middle class such as farmers and fishers, though its supporters in the 2014 general election were disproportionately urban dwellers.[25]
In foreign policy, Prabowo has expressed a desire for closer diplomatic ties with China and India, while calling for distance from the West.[26] He has proposed a peace plan to end the Russo-Ukrainian War, involving holding referendums in disputed areas between the two countries, which was subsequently condemned by Ukraine.[27] In January 2022, Prabowo expressed openness to the normalization of Indonesia–Israel relations.[28]-->
Leadership structure
The following leadership structure of the party are as follows (2020-2025)[29]
Leader of the Advisory Council: General (Hon.) H. Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo
Deputy Leader of the Advisory Council
- Hashim Djojohadikusumo
- Ahmad Muzani
- Sufmi Dasco Ahmad
- Fadli Zon
- Thomas Aquinas Djiwandono
- Angky Retno Yudianto
- Dedi Mulyadi
- Mochamad Iriawan
- Titiek Soeharto
Secretary of the Advisory Council: Sugiono
Vice Secretary of the Advisory Council: Prasetyo Hadi
General Chairman: General (Hon.) H. Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo
Vice Chairman
- Deputy General Chairperson for Organization, Cadre Generation, Membership and Election Victory: Sufmi Dasco Ahmad
- Deputy General Chair for Foreign Affairs: Fadli Zon
- Deputy General Chair for Ideology, Politics, Government, Party Discipline and Strategic Information: Sugiono
- Deputy General Chairperson for Economic and Environmental Affairs: Budi Djiwandono
- Deputy Chairman of the General Chair for Defense and Security: Major General TNI (Ret.) Musa Bangun
- Deputy Chairperson General Chairperson for Network Potential Empowerment, Cooperatives and MSMEs: Ferry Joko Yuliantono
- Deputy Chairperson for Health and Employment Affairs: Drg. Putih Sari
- Deputy Chairperson of the General Chair for Youth, Women and Children: Rahayu Saraswati Djojohadikusumo
- Deputy Chairperson for Legal and Advocacy: Habiburokhman
- Deputy Chairperson for Community Service and People's Welfare: Sumaryati Amin Aryoso
- Deputy Chairperson for Education and Infrastructure: Susi Marleny Bachsin
- Deputy Chairman of the General Chair for Religious Affairs: Mochamad Irfan Yusuf
Secretary General: Ahmad Muzani
Treasurer: Thomas Aquinas Djiwandono
Wing organizations
Gerindra's wing organizations include:
- TIDAR (Tunas Indonesia Raya, Great Indonesia Bud)
- PIRA (Perempuan Indonesia Raya, Great Indonesia Woman)
- GEMIRA (Gerakan Muslim Indonesia Raya, Great Indonesia Muslim Movement)
- GEKIRA (Gerakan Kristiani Indonesia Raya, Great Indonesia Christian Movement); formerly named KIRA (Kristen Indonesia Raya, Great Indonesia Christians).
- GEMA SADHANA (Gerakan Masyarakat Sanathana Dharma Nusantara, Sanathana Dharma Nusantara Society Movement); for Hindus and Buddhists.
- PETIR (Persatuan Tionghoa Indonesia Raya, Great Indonesia Chinese Association)
- SATRIA (Satuan Relawan Indonesia Raya, Great Indonesia Volunteer Unit)
- SEGARA (Sentral Gerakan Buruh Indonesia Raya, Great Indonesia Labor Movement Center; for labour movements)
- KESIRA (Kesehatan Indonesia Raya, Great Indonesia Health; for health workers)
- BGM (Barisan Garuda Muda, Young Garuda Front)
- GMI (Garuda Muda Indonesia, Indonesia Young Garudas)
- Jari Raya (Jaringan Rakyat Indonesia Raya, Great Indonesia People's Network)
Election results
Legislative election results
| Election | Ballot number | Total seats won | Total votes | Share of votes | Outcome of election | Party leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 5 | 26 / 560 | 4,642,795 | 4.46%[30] |  26 seats, Opposition | Prabowo Subianto (Founding board chair) Suhardi (General chair) |
| 2014 | 6 | 73 / 560 | 14,760,371 | 11.81%[31] | 47 seats, Opposition | Prabowo Subianto (Founding board chair) Suhardi (General chair) |
| 2019 | 2 | 78 / 575 | 17,594,839 | 12.57%[32] | 5 seats, Opposition (2019) Governing coalition (2019-2024) | Prabowo Subianto |
| 2024 | 2 | 86 / 580 | 20,071,708 | 13.22% | 8 seats, Governing coalition | Prabowo Subianto |
Presidential election results
| Election | Ballot number | Pres. candidate | Running mate | 1st round (Total votes) | Share of votes | Outcome | 2nd round (Total votes) | Share of votes | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 1 | Megawati Sukarnoputri | Prabowo Subianto | 32,548,105 | 26.79% | Lost | |||
| 2014 | 1 | Prabowo Subianto[33] | Hatta Rajasa | 62,576,444 | 46.85% | Lost | |||
| 2019 | 2 | Prabowo Subianto | Sandiaga Uno | 68,650,239 | 44.50% | Lost | |||
| 2024 | 2 | Prabowo Subianto | Gibran Rakabuming Raka | 96,214,691 | 58.59% | Elected | |||
Note: Bold text suggests the party's member, or a former member who was still active in the party by the time of his nomination.
References
Sources
- Bourchier, David (2015). Illiberal Democracy in Indonesia. Politics in Asia. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203379721. ISBN 978-1-138-23672-1.
- Bulkin, Nadia (2013-10-24). "Indonesia's Political Parties". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Archived from the original on 2021-08-14. Retrieved 2019-08-01.
- Heiduk, Felix (2014-09-09). "Reformasi Reloaded? Implications of Indonesia's 2014 Elections". Center for Security Studies. Retrieved 2024-04-09.
- Kuswandi (2019-02-13). "Andre Rosiade Sebut Gerindra Partai Nasional Religius" [Andre Rosiade describes Gerindra as a nationalist-religious party]. Jawa Pos (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-01-13.
- Kwok, Yenni (2017-02-11). "Voters Are Going to the Polls in an Election Seen as a Barometer of Indonesian Secularism". Time. Archived from the original on 2018-05-21. Retrieved 2023-03-03.
- Lee, Christian; Paath, Carlos K. Y. (2019-05-31). "How Different Are Political Parties in Indonesia From One Another?". Jakarta Globe. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
- Meakem, Allison (2024-01-02). "A New Dynasty Rises in Jokowi's Indonesia". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 2024-01-07.
- Power, Tom (2014-05-22). "Is there an ideological cleavage in 2014?". New Mandala. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
- Saifulloh, Putra Perdana Ahmad (December 2016). "Kewajiban Partai Politik Berideologi Pancasila Ditinjau dari Prinsip-Prinsip Negara Hukum Indonesia" [The obligation of political parties to embrace the ideology of Pancasila: examined from the principles of the rule of law in Indonesia]. Pandecta Research Law Journal (in Indonesian). 11 (2). doi:10.15294/pandecta.v11i2.9276 (inactive 2024-03-03).
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of March 2024 (link) - Santoso, Aboeprijadi (2009-11-29). "Gerindra and 'Greater Indonesia'". Inside Indonesia. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
- Soeriaatmadja, Wahyudi (2023-11-28). "Jokowi leaning towards endorsing populist party chairman for Indonesia president: Analysts". The Straits Times. Retrieved 2024-02-22.
- Yilmaz, Ihsan; Shukri, Syaza (2023). "Islam and populism in the Asia Pacific". In Subedi, D. B.; Brasted, Howard; von Strokirch, Karin; Scott, Alan (eds.). The Routledge Handbook of Populism in Asia Pacific. Indo-Pacific in Context. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781003160014-13. ISBN 978-1-003-16001-4.
- Tomsa, Dirk (2009-07-05). "The eagle has crash-landed". Inside Indonesia. Retrieved 2023-12-31.
- van Klinken, Gerry (2009). "Patronage Democracy in Provincial Indonesia". In Törnquist, Olle; Webster, Neil; Stokke, Kristian (eds.). Rethinking Popular Representation. Governance, Security and Development (GSD). Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 141–159. doi:10.1057/9780230102095_8. ISBN 978-0-230-10209-5.
External links
- Official website (in Indonesian)
- Gerindra (2020). "Anggaran Dasar & Anggaran Rumah Tangga (AD/ART)" [Articles of Association]. Great Indonesia Movement Party (in Indonesian).
- Gerindra (2022). "Manifesto Perjuangan Partai Gerindra" [Gerindra Party's Political Manifesto]. Great Indonesia Movement Party (in Indonesian).