GNA12

The GNA12 gene encodes the G₁₂ G protein alpha subunit. Together with GNA13, these two proteins comprise one of the four classes of heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits.^[8] Heterotrimeric G proteins function in transducing hormone and neurotransmitter signals detected by cell surface G protein-coupled receptors to intracellular signaling pathways to modulate cell functions. G protein alpha subunits bind to guanine nucleotides and function in a regulatory cycle, and are active when bound to GTP but inactive and associated with the G beta-gamma complex when bound to GDP.^[9][10]

Active GTP-bound G₁₂ alpha subunit interacts with and activates ARHGEF1,^[11] ARHGEF11,^[12][13] and ARHGEF12.^[14][15] These ARHGEF proteins function as guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the Rho small GTPases to regulate the actin cytoskeleton.^[16]

GNA12 also interacts with PPP5C,^[17] HSP90,^[18] Resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase-8A (Ric-8A)^[19] and TEC.^[15]

• G12/G13 alpha subunits
• G protein-coupled receptor
• Heterotrimeric G protein
• Rho family of GTPases

• GNA12+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P27600 (Mouse Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 (GNA12)) at the PDBe-KB.