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Foreign relations of Paraguay

Paraguayan foreign policy has concentrated on maintaining good relations with its neighbors, and it has been an active proponent of regional co-operation. It is a member of the United Nations and has served one term in the UN Security Council in 1967-1969. It maintains membership in several international financial institutions, including the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, and the International Monetary Fund. It also belongs to the Organization of American States, the Latin American Integration Association (ALADI), the Rio Group, INTERPOL, MERCOSUR (the Southern Cone Common Market) and UNASUR.

At the political level, diplomatic affairs and international relations of Paraguay are officially handled by the Ministry of Foreign Relations, which answers to the executive branch of the government. Minister of Foreign Relations 2018 -2019 was Luis Alberto Castiglioni.[1]

Unlike any other country in South America, Paraguay recognizes the Republic of China instead of the People's Republic of China. Paraguay presently is the largest country maintaining official diplomatic relations with the Republic of China.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Paraguay maintains diplomatic relations with:

#CountryDate[2]
1  Mexico3 June 1831[3]
2  Argentina31 July 1841[4]
3  Chile22 July 1843[5]
4  Brazil1844[6]
5  Uruguay15 June 1845[7]
6  France4 March 1853[8]
7  United Kingdom2 November 1853[9]
8  United States26 November 1861[10]
9  Italy1867[11]
10  Colombia27 July 1870[12]
—  Holy See31 December 1877[13]
11  Portugal9 November 1878[14]
12  Bolivia15 October 1879[15]
13  Spain10 September 1880[16]
14  Ecuador15 December 1880[17]
15  El Salvador1880[18]
16  Peru18 June 1881[19]
17  Serbia17 February 1883[20]
18  Costa Rica1883[21]
19   Switzerland1887[22]
20  Venezuela7 August 1891[23]
21  Belgium15 February 1894[24]
22  Dominican Republic18 February 1902[25]
23  Denmark18 July 1903[26]
24  Austria9 November 1903[27]
25  Germany9 November 1903[27]
26  Netherlands9 November 1903[27]
27  Norway2 April 1906[28]
28  Guatemala1 May 1907[29]
29  Japan17 November 1919[30]
30  Cuba16 March 1920[31]
31  Poland2 May 1920[32]
32  Sweden24 February 1923[33]
33  Czech Republic14 February 1936[34]
34  Panama31 October 1942[35]
35  IsraelJanuary 1949[36]
36  Honduras8 February 1952[37]
37  Turkey11 September 1953[38]
38  Nicaragua18 January 1956[31]
39  Haiti2 October 1956[27]
—  Republic of China8 July 1957[39]
40  Lebanon12 May 1958[40]
41  Egypt1959[41]
42  India13 September 1961[42]
43  South Korea12 June 1962[43]
44  Canada5 July 1962[44]
45  Philippines12 December 1962[45]
46  Thailand17 December 1962[46]
47  Finland20 November 1963[47]
48  Morocco1964[48]
49  Luxembourg26 February 1965[49]
50  Pakistan23 October 1967[50]
51  South Africa3 April 1974[51]
52  Australia2 December 1974[52]
53  Indonesia29 November 1981[53]
54  Nigeria27 May 1988[54]
55  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines22 June 1989
56  Malaysia17 November 1989[55]
57  Hungary2 May 1991
58  Slovenia25 February 1992[56]
59  Croatia13 March 1992[57]
60  Russia14 May 1992[58]
61  Romania28 May 1992
62  Latvia3 June 1992
63  Armenia2 July 1992
64  Estonia2 July 1992
65  Ivory Coast28 July 1992
66  Albania29 July 1992
67  Belize2 November 1992
68  Jamaica10 November 1992
69  Belarus18 November 1992
70  Suriname20 November 1992
71  Bulgaria2 December 1992
72  Singapore10 December 1992
73  Slovakia8 January 1993[59]
74  New Zealand17 February 1993
75  Iran19 February 1993
76  Kuwait23 February 1993
77  Ukraine26 February 1993
78  Lithuania3 March 1993
79  Seychelles23 April 1993
80  Barbados27 May 1993[60]
81  Saint Lucia18 June 1993
82  Cameroon3 December 1993
83  Guyana14 April 1994
84  Trinidad and Tobago24 May 1994
85  Cambodia27 October 1994
86  Algeria3 February 1995
87  Andorra23 March 1995
88  Vietnam30 May 1995
89  Greece27 September 1995[27]
90  Brunei8 April 1996
91  Mozambique3 October 1997
—  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (suspended)9 February 2000[61][62]
92  Ireland15 May 2001
93  Uzbekistan27 August 2001[63]
94  Cyprus8 October 2001
95  Qatar8 November 2002
96  San Marino3 April 2003[64]
97  Mongolia17 June 2003[65]
98  Iceland17 March 2004
99  Azerbaijan20 April 2004
100  Malta8 July 2004
101  Kazakhstan20 September 2004[66]
102  Syria13 December 2004
—  State of Palestine26 March 2005[67]
103  Bahrain6 May 2005
104  Sudan11 May 2005[68]
105  Laos28 September 2005
106  Equatorial Guinea3 November 2005
107  Jordan15 November 2005
108  Oman15 November 2005
109  Namibia17 April 2006[69]
110    Nepal2 August 2006
111  Tajikistan30 August 2006[70]
112  Republic of the Congo23 March 2007[71]
113  Eswatini3 April 2007[71]
114  Montenegro5 June 2007
115  Angola21 June 2007[71]
116  United Arab Emirates13 July 2007
117  Botswana16 July 2007
118  North Macedonia26 October 2007
119  Liechtenstein2007[72]
120  Benin18 February 2009[73]
121  Sri Lanka3 April 2009
122  Saudi Arabia9 July 2009
123  Bosnia and Herzegovina22 September 2009
124  Kenya25 September 2009
125  Georgia9 March 2010
126  SenegalMarch 2010[74]
127  EritreaMarch 2010[74]
128  Gambia23 April 2010[75]
129  Burkina Faso18 May 2010
130  Uganda18 June 2010
131  Mali25 June 2010[76]
132  Djibouti22 July 2010
133  Maldives28 September 2010[77]
134  Mauritius28 September 2010
135  Zambia28 September 2010[78]
136  Ethiopia29 September 2010[79]
137  Fiji22 December 2010
138  Burundi2010[80]
139  Niger2010[80]
140  Samoa28 January 2011[81]
141  Libya9 February 2011
142  Solomon Islands4 May 2011[82]
143  Moldova5 May 2011[83]
144  Tuvalu2 June 2011[84]
145  Zimbabwe29 March 2012
146  Kyrgyzstan23 May 2012[85]
147  Mauritania5 June 2012[86]
148  Monaco14 June 2012[87]
149  Saint Kitts and Nevis22 March 2013[88]
150  Dominica5 March 2015[89]
151  Antigua and Barbuda21 September 2016
152  Grenada21 September 2016
153  Papua New Guinea21 September 2016
154  Turkmenistan28 July 2017
155  Federated States of Micronesia11 October 2018
156  Tunisia1 November 2018
157  Marshall Islands26 September 2019
158  Guinea15 June 2021[90]
159  Ghana17 June 2021[91]
160  Kiribati20 October 2021
161  Palau1 April 2022[92]
162  East Timor18 September 2022
163  Bangladesh24 October 2022[93]
164  Rwanda18 April 2023
165  Guinea-Bissau13 July 2023
166  São Tomé and Príncipe13 July 2023

Bilateral relations

Africa

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Egypt
  • Paraguay has an embassy in Cairo.[94]
  • Egypt is accredited to Paraguay from its embassy in Montevideo, Uruguay.
 SADR2000-02-09

Paraguay recognizes the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.

In January 2014, Paraguay officially suspends its relations with Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.[95]

 South Africa

Americas

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Argentina1811See Argentina–Paraguay relations
 BoliviaSee Bolivia–Paraguay relations

In 2009 Bolivian President Evo Morales and Paraguayan President Fernando Lugo signed an agreement settling a border dispute, which had led to the Chaco War in the 1930s. President Lugo expressed the hope that natural resources could now "be developed and used by both countries" [100] Relations, as with many countries in the area, have had increased tension since the Paraguay impeachment in 2012.

 BrazilSee Brazil–Paraguay relations
Border of Brazil and Paraguay

Paraguay–Brazil relations have improved greatly after Brazilian President Lula's decision in 2009 to triple its payments to Paraguay for energy from a massive hydro-electric dam on their border, ending a long-running dispute. Under the accord, Brazil will pay Paraguay $360m a year for energy from the jointly-operated Itaipu plant. Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva called it a "historic agreement" and the deal slated as a political victory for former Paraguayan President Fernando Lugo.[101]

In February 2019, Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro praised the late military strongman of Paraguay, Alfredo Stroessner, calling him "a man of vision." Bolsonaro made the comments during a ceremony at the Itaipu hydroelectric dam on the countries' shared border. At his side was his close ally, Paraguayan right-wing President Mario Abdo Benitez.[102]

  • Brazil has an embassy in Asunción and maintains several consulates throughout the country.
  • Paraguay has an embassy in Brasília and maintains several consulates throughout the country.
 Canada
  • Canada is accredited to Paraguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Paraguay has an embassy in on Slatter street in Ottawa.[103]
 ColombiaSee Colombia–Paraguay relations, List of ambassadors of Paraguay to Colombia
  • Colombia has an embassy in Asunción.
  • Paraguay has an embassy in Bogotá.
 Mexico18 April 1881See Mexico–Paraguay relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on April 18, 1881.

 Peru2 May 1858See Paraguay–Peru relations
 United StatesSee Paraguay–United States relations

A military training agreement with Asunción, giving immunity to US soldiers, caused some concern after media reports initially reported that a base housing 20,000 US soldiers was being built at Mariscal Estigarribia within 200 km of Argentina and Bolivia, and 300 km of Brazil, near an airport which could receive large planes (B-52, C-130 Hercules, etc.) which the Paraguayan Air Forces do not have.[108][109]

In September 2009 Paraguay's President Fernando Lugo revoked plans for US troops to hold joint military exercises and development projects after stating that he no longer thinks that hosting troops taking part in the US department of defence's "New Horizons" programme was worthwhile. President Lugo referenced strong regional opposition from countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia and Ecuador to the expansion of US military bases in Colombia in his decision.[110]

 Uruguay6 April 1845See Paraguay–Uruguay relations
 Venezuela

Relations between Paraguay and Venezuela improved during Paraguay's leftist President Fernando Lugo (2008-2012), a change from 61 unbroken years of Colorado party rule. President Lugo supported Venezuela's entry into Mercosur however the Colorado Party's influence in Paraguay's Congress and Senate retarded this expansion.

Paraguay and Venezuela restarted negotiations on an unpaid debt of $250 million owed by Paraguayan oil company Petropar to its counterpart Petróleos de Venezuela after the Presidents of Paraguay and Venezuela met to deal with the financing.[113]

In January, 2019, Paraguay cut its diplomatic relations with Venezuela, considering the Venezuelan government of President Nicolas Maduro illegitimate due to disputed election.[114] Diplomatic relations were re-established on 15 November 2023.[115]

Asia

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Armenia
  • Armenia is accredited to Paraguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Paraguay is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
 Azerbaijan20 April 2004[116]See Azerbaijan-Paraguay relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on April 20, 2004.[116]

 People's Republic of Chinano relationsParaguay is currently accredited to People's Republic of China through its embassy in Seoul, South Korea, Hong Kong and Macau through its embassy in Tokyo, Japan.[117][118]
 Republic of China(Taiwan)8 July 1957See Paraguay–Taiwan relations

Paraguay recognizes the Republic of China as the legitimate government of China.

 India13 September 1961See India–Paraguay relations
 Japan17 November 1919See Japan–Paraguay relations
  • Japan has an embassy in Asunción.
  • Paraguay has an embassy in Tokyo.
 Mongolia2003-06-17
  • Mongolia is accredited to Paraguay through its embassy in Brasilia, Brazil.
  • Paraguay is accredited to Mongolia through its embassy in Seoul, South Korea.
  • Mongolia signed a visa-free agreement with Paraguay on 26 September 2019.[123]
 South Korea15 June 1962See Paraguay–South Korea relations
  • Paraguay has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Asunción.
 Turkey1953[124]See Paraguay–Turkey relations
  • Paraguay has an embassy in Ankara.[125]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Asuncion.[125]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was 82.1 million USD in 2019 (Paraguay's exports/imports: 35/47.1 million USD).[125]

Europe

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Croatia13 March 1992
 Denmark
 France1853
 Germany1860See Germany–Paraguay relations
  • Germany has an embassy in Asunción.
  • Paraguay has an embassy in Berlin and a consulate-general in Frankfurt.
 Iceland
 Poland
  • Paraguay is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to Paraguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
 RussiaSee Paraguay–Russia relations
 Slovenia
 Spain10 September 1880See Paraguay–Spain relations
  Switzerland
 United Kingdom1853-03-04

Oceania

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 AustraliaSee Australia–Paraguay relations

Australia's positive relations with Paraguay are growing. In 2011, Paraguay opened an embassy in Canberra, Australia opened a consulate in Asunción. As agricultural producers and exporters, they work together to achieve fairer international trade in agricultural products through membership of the Cairns Group and cooperation in other multilateral fora. Australia is also increasing its engagement with Paraguay through development cooperation and people-to-people exchanges. An increasing number of Paraguayan students are pursuing their education at Australian institutions.[141]

  • Australia is accredited to Paraguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Paraguay has an embassy in Canberra.
 New Zealand
  • New Zealand is accredited to Paraguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. New Zealand has an Honorary Consulate in Asunción.[142][143][144]
  • There is no Embassy of Paraguay in New Zealand.[145] Paraguay is accredited to New Zealand from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.

International organizations

Paraguay is a member of the following international organizations:[146]

CAN (associate), FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD (also known as the World Bank), ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Rio Group, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

See also

References

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