Search

Foreign relations of Azerbaijan

The Republic of Azerbaijan is a member of the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, NATO's Partnership for Peace, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, the World Health Organization, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; the Council of Europe, CFE Treaty, the Community of Democracies; the International Monetary Fund; and the World Bank.

Diplomatic relations

Azerbaijan maintains diplomatic relations with 185 United Nations member states, the State of Palestine and the Holy See.[1][2] Azerbaijan does not have diplomatic relations with the following countries:

Azerbaijan also maintains good relations with the European Union, in the framework of its Eastern European Neighbourhood Policy (See Azerbaijan and the European Union).

List

List of countries which Azerbaijan maintains diplomatic relations with:

#Country[3]Date
1  Turkey14 January 1992
2  Liechtenstein21 January 1992
3   Switzerland21 January 1992
4  North Korea30 January 1992
5  Ukraine6 February 1992
6  Mexico10 February 1992
7  Spain11 February 1992
8  Austria20 February 1992
9  Germany20 February 1992
10  France21 February 1992
11  Poland21 February 1992
12  Saudi Arabia24 February 1992
13  Yemen25 February 1992
14  Bangladesh26 February 1992
15  India28 February 1992[4]
16  United States28 February 1992
17  Guinea11 March 1992
18  Nigeria11 March 1992
19  United Kingdom11 March 1992
20  Iran12 March 1992
21  Libya16 March 1992
22  South Korea23 March 1992
23  Finland24 March 1992
24  Cuba27 March 1992
25  Egypt27 March 1992
26  Philippines27 March 1992
27  Syria28 March 1992
28  Iraq30 March 1992
29  Netherlands1 April 1992
30  China2 April 1992
31  Denmark2 April 1992
32  Greece2 April 1992[5]
33  Russia4 April 1992
34  Israel7 April 1992
—  State of Palestine15 April 1992
35  Mongolia16 April 1992
36  Estonia20 April 1992
37  Hungary27 April 1992
38  South Africa29 April 1992
39  Sweden8 May 1992
40  Italy8 May 1992
—  Holy See23 May 1992
41  Moldova29 May 1992
42  Tajikistan29 May 1992
43  Luxembourg1 June 1992
44  Norway5 June 1992
45  Bulgaria5 June 1992
46  Portugal5 June 1992
47  Pakistan9 June 1992
48  Turkmenistan9 June 1992
49  Belgium17 June 1992[6]
50  Australia19 June 1992
51  Romania19 June 1992
52  New Zealand29 June 1992
53  Thailand7 July 1992
54  Canada10 July 1992
55  Oman13 July 1992
56  Sudan25 July 1992
57  Sri Lanka4 August 1992
58  Guinea-Bissau27 August 1992
59  Morocco28 August 1992
60  Kazakhstan30 August 1992
61  United Arab Emirates1 September 1992[7]
62  Japan7 September 1992
63  Ghana11 September 1992
64  Vietnam23 September 1992
65  Indonesia24 September 1992
66  Lebanon28 September 1992
67  Brazil23 October 1992
68  Ethiopia2 November 1992
69  Georgia18 November 1992
70  Kyrgyzstan19 January 1993
71  Czech Republic29 January 1993
72  Jordan13 February 1993
73  Malaysia5 April 1993
74  Madagascar26 May 1993
75  Belarus11 June 1993
76  Albania23 September 1993
77  Argentina8 November 1993
78  Zambia18 November 1993
79  Latvia11 January 1994
80  Algeria22 April 1994
81  Singapore15 August 1994
82  Qatar14 September 1994[8]
83  Kuwait10 October 1994
84  Mauritania29 October 1994
85  Guatemala1 November 1994
86  Seychelles2 November 1994
87  Chile3 November 1994
88  Gambia11 November 1994
89  Afghanistan16 November 1994
90  Nicaragua23 November 1994
91  Angola1 December 1994
92  Colombia12 December 1994
93  Honduras22 December 1994
94  Cambodia28 December 1994
95  Malta9 January 1995
96  Uruguay11 January 1995
97  Croatia26 January 1995
98  Bosnia and Herzegovina9 February 1995
99  Cameroon24 February 1995
100    Nepal28 February 1995
101  Burundi2 March 1995
102  Sierra Leone13 March 1995
103  Saint Kitts and Nevis22 March 1995[9]
104  Antigua and Barbuda5 April 1995[10]
105  Panama6 April 1995
106  Venezuela12 May 1995
107  Laos22 May 1995
108  Mozambique20 June 1995
109  North Macedonia28 June 1995
110  Uganda19 August 1995
111  Guyana1 September 1995[11]
112  Uzbekistan2 October 1995
113  Niger10 October 1995
114  Lithuania20 November 1995
115  Jamaica22 November 1995
116  Brunei24 November 1995
117  Slovenia20 February 1996
118  Senegal14 March 1996
119  Andorra30 April 1996
120  Liberia22 May 1996
121  Peru25 June 1996
122  Ireland1 July 1996
123  Bolivia8 July 1996
124  Mauritius19 July 1996
125  Gabon1 October 1996
126  Djibouti22 October 1996
127  Bahrain6 November 1996[12]
128  Ivory Coast19 November 1996
129  Slovakia23 November 1996
130  Mali26 November 1996
131  Costa Rica15 January 1997
132  Serbia21 August 1997
133  Iceland27 February 1998
134  Tunisia1 July 1998
135  El Salvador23 March 1999
136  Myanmar3 August 1999
137  Benin14 October 1999
138  Suriname11 February 2000[13]
139  San Marino19 April 2002
140  Belize24 June 2002[13]
141  Haiti9 May 2003[13]
142  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines23 May 2003[13]
143  Cape Verde22 March 2004
144  Ecuador22 March 2004[14]
145  Somalia22 March 2004
146  East Timor5 April 2004[13]
147  Chad5 April 2004
148  Eritrea20 April 2004
149  Paraguay20 April 2004
150  Malawi21 May 2004
151  Burkina Faso28 May 2004[15]
152  Kenya28 May 2004
153  Rwanda28 May 2004
154  Equatorial Guinea11 November 2004
155  Nauru11 November 2004[13]
156  Maldives15 June 2006[13]
157  Dominican Republic27 November 2007[16]
158  Monaco19 December 2007
159  Montenegro24 April 2008
160  Zimbabwe24 October 2008
161  Tuvalu9 September 2009[13]
162  Eswatini7 January 2010
163  Comoros1 February 2010[17]
164  Marshall Islands10 March 2010[13]
165  Saint Lucia11 March 2010[13]
166  Fiji18 March 2010
167  Grenada23 September 2010[18]
168  Togo28 December 2010
169  Solomon Islands8 February 2011[13]
170  Dominica4 March 2011[19]
171  Trinidad and Tobago11 April 2011[20]
172  Democratic Republic of the Congo23 September 2011
173  Lesotho28 September 2012[21]
174  South Sudan23 October 2012
175  Bhutan7 February 2013
176  Bahamas2 May 2017[13]
177  Vanuatu22 September 2017[13]
178  Samoa19 January 2018[22]
179  Palau1 February 2018[13]
180  São Tomé and Príncipe25 September 2018
181  Tanzania7 February 2019
182  Barbados2 August 2019[13]
183  Namibia17 October 2019
184  Republic of the Congo7 February 2023[23]
185  Papua New Guinea5 May 2023[13]

Information on some of the countries with which Azerbaijan maintains formal relations

Multilateral

OrganizationFormal Relations BeganNotes
 European Union1996[24]See Azerbaijan–European Union relations
 NATO1992[25]See Azerbaijan–NATO relations
 Turkic States2009[26]See Azerbaijan–Turkic Council relations

Africa

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Burkina Faso31 May 2004[27]See Azerbaijan–Burkina Faso relations
 DR Congo23 October 2011[28]See Azerbaijan–DR Congo relations
 Djibouti22 October 1996[29]See Azerbaijan–Djibouti relations
 Ethiopia2 November 1992[30]See Azerbaijan–Ethiopia relations
 Gambia11 November 1994[31]See Azerbaijan–Gambia relations
 Kenya31 May 2004[27]See Azerbaijan–Kenya relations
 Libya16 March 1992[32]See Azerbaijan–Libya relations
 Morocco25 December 1992[33]See Azerbaijan–Morocco relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Rabat since 2005.
  • Morocco has an embassy in Baku.
 Niger10 October 1995[34]See Azerbaijan–Niger relations
 Senegal14 March 1996[35]See Azerbaijan—Senegal relations
 South Africa29 April 1992[36]See Azerbaijan–South Africa relations
 Tunisia1 July 1998[37]See Azerbaijan–Tunisia relations

Americas

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Argentina8 November 1992[38]See Argentina–Azerbaijan relations
 Brazil21 October 1993[41]See Azerbaijan–Brazil relations
 Canada10 July 1992[44]See Azerbaijan–Canada relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Ottawa.[45]
  • Canada is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.[46]
 Chile11 January 1995[47]See Azerbaijan–Chile relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Santiago.
  • Chile has an embassy in Baku.
 Colombia13 December 1994[48]See Azerbaijan–Colombia relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Bogotá.
  • Colombia has an embassy in Baku.[49]
 Cuba27 March 1992[50]See Azerbaijan–Cuba relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Havana.
  • Cuba has an embassy in Baku.
 Ecuador22 March 2004[51]See Azerbaijan–Ecuador relations
 Mexico14 January 1992[52]See Azerbaijan–Mexico relations
 Nicaragua10 February 1994[55]See Azerbaijan–Nicaragua relations
  • Azerbaijan is represented in Nicaragua through its embassy in Havana, Cuba.
  • Nicaragua is represented in Azerbaijan through its embassy in Moscow, Russia.[56]
 Paraguay20 April 2004[57]See Azerbaijan–Paraguay relations
 Peru25 June 1996[58]See Azerbaijan–Peru relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Baku.[59]
 United States1919,
28 February 1992		See Azerbaijan–United States relations

On 25 December 1991 President George H. W. Bush announced that the United States recognized the independence of all 12 former Soviet republics, including Azerbaijan.[60]

 Uruguay12 January 1995[63]See Azerbaijan–Uruguay relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.
 Venezuela12 May 1995[64]See Azerbaijan–Venezuela relations
  • Azerbaijan does not have an accreditation to Venezuela.
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Baku.

Asia

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Armenia1918–1921

Armenia and Azerbaijan does not have formal relations since that time

See Armenia–Azerbaijan relations, First Nagorno-Karabakh War, Second Nagorno-Karabakh war

The neighboring nations of Armenia and Azerbaijan have had formal governmental relations between 1918 and 1921, when both countries were briefly independent. The two nations have fought three wars in the 1918–20 (Armenian–Azerbaijani War), the 1988–94 (Nagorno-Karabakh War), and the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, with the last two ending in ceasefire agreements - the Bishkek Protocol and the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement respectively. There are no formal diplomatic relations between the two countries, because of the ongoing Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and dispute. In 2008, Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev declared, "Nagorno Karabakh will never be independent; the position is backed by international mediators as well; Armenia has to accept the reality," and "in 1918, Yerevan was granted to the Armenians. It was a great mistake. The khanate of Iravan was the Azerbaijani territory, the Armenians were guests here."[65]

During the Soviet period, many Armenians and Azerbaijanis lived side by side in peace. However, when Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the policies of Glasnost and Perestroika, the majority of Armenians from the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) of the Azerbaijan SSR began a movement to unify with the Armenian SSR. In 1988, the Armenians of Karabakh voted to secede and join Armenia. This, along with mutual massacres in Azerbaijan and Armenia resulted in the conflict that became known as the Nagorno-Karabakh War. The violence resulted in de facto Armenian control of former NKAO and seven surrounding Azerbaijani regions, which was effectively halted when both sides agrees to observe a cease-fire, which has since been in effect since May 1994, and in late 1995 both also agreed to mediation of the OSCE Minsk Group. The Minsk Group is currently co-chaired by the U.S., France, and Russia and comprises Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and several Western European nations. Despite the cease fire, up to 40 clashes are reported along the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict lines of control each year.[citation needed]

The two countries are still technically at war. Citizens of the Republic of Armenia, as well as citizens of any other country who are of Armenian descent, are forbidden entry to the Republic of Azerbaijan.

If a person's passport shows any evidence of travel to Nagorno-Karabakh, they are forbidden entry to the Republic of Azerbaijan.[66]

In 2008, in what became known as the 2008 Mardakert Skirmishes, Armenia and Azerbaijan clashed over Nagorno-Karabakh. The fighting between the two sides was brief, with few casualties on either side.[67]

As of July 2020, the new round of military escalation along the border between Armenia and Azerbaijan continued, thus making it one of the most explosive regions in Eurasia.[68]

On 27 September 2020, a new military conflict emerged between Azerbaijan and Armenia.[69] The following day, on 28 September 2020, Azerbaijan's President Ilham Aliyev signed a decree declaring a partial military mobilisation following clashes with Armenian forces over the Nagorno-Karabakh region.[70] An armistice agreement between the two countries was signed on 10 November 2020, returning control of the territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh to Azerbaijan.

 Bahrain6 November 1996[71]See Azerbaijan–Bahrain relations
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Bahrain from its embassy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  • Bahrain is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
 Bangladesh30 December 1991[72]See Azerbaijan–Bangladesh relations
  • On 30 December 1991, Bangladesh recognized the independence of Azerbaijan.
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 26 February 1992.
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Bangladesh from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
  • Bangladesh has a consulate in Baku.
 China2 April 1992See Azerbaijan–China relations
 India28 February 1992See Azerbaijan-India relations
  • India recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan on 26 December 1991.
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 28 February 1992.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in New Delhi.
  • India has an embassy in Baku.
 Indonesia24 September 1992See Azerbaijan-Indonesia relations
  • On 28 September 1991, the Republic of Indonesia recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
  • On 24 September 1992, diplomatic relations were established between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Indonesia.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Jakarta.
  • Indonesia has an embassy in Baku.
 Iran1918,
12 March 1992		See Azerbaijan–Iran relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Tehran. and a consulate general in Tabriz.
  • Iran has an embassy in Baku. and a consulate general in Nakhchivan.
  • Both countries are full members of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC).
  • Iran recognized Azerbaijan on 4 January 1992, upgraded its consulate in Baku to establish full diplomatic relations.[60][74]
 Iraq2 January 1992See Azerbaijan–Iraq relations
  • On 2 January 1992, Iraq recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
  • On 30 March 1992, diplomatic relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Iraq were established.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Baghdad.
  • Iraq has an embassy in Baku.
 Israel7 April 1992See Azerbaijan–Israel relations
  • Azerbaijan is one of the few majority Muslim countries to develop bilateral strategic and economic relations with Israel.[75]
  • Israel was one of the first countries to recognize Azerbaijan on 25 December 1991.[76]
 Japan7 September 1992See Azerbaijan–Japan relations
 Jordan13 February 1993[79][80]See Azerbaijan–Jordan relations
  • On 28 December 1991, Jordan recognized the independence of Azerbaijan.
  • On 13 February 1993, a protocol on establishing diplomatic relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan was signed.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Amman.
  • Jordan has an embassy in Baku.
 Kazakhstan27 August 1992See Azerbaijan–Kazakhstan relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Astana.
  • Kazakhstan has an embassy in Baku since 16 December 1994.
 Kuwait10 October 1994[81]See Azerbaijan–Kuwait relations
 Kyrgyzstan19 January 1993See Azerbaijan-Kyrgyzstan relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Bishkek.
  • Kyrgyzstan has an embassy in Baku.
 Laos22 May 1995See Azerbaijan–Laos relations
 Lebanon18 September 1992[82]See Azerbaijan–Lebanon relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Beirut
 Malaysia31 December 1991See Azerbaijan–Malaysia relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has an embassy in Baku[83]
  • Malaysia recognizes the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan on 31 December 1991 and on 5 April 1993 diplomatic relations were established.
 Qatar14 September 1994See Azerbaijan–Qatar relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Doha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in Baku.
 Pakistan9 June 1992See Azerbaijan–Pakistan relations
 Palestine15 April 1992See Azerbaijan–Palestine relations
  • Palestine has an embassy in Baku since 2011.
 Philippines27 March 1992[88]See Azerbaijan–Philippines relations
  • Azerbaijan has a consulate in Manila.
  • Philippines is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara.
 Saudi Arabia24 February 1992[89]See Azerbaijan–Saudi Arabia relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Riyadh since 1994.
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Baku since 1999.
  • Due to its support of Azerbaijan in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, Saudi Arabia refuses to establish diplomatic relations with Armenia.[90]
 South Korea23 March 1992See Azerbaijan–South Korea relations
  • Azerbaijani embassy in Seoul.[91]
  • South Korean embassy in Baku.[92]
  • Bilateral Trade agreement was signed in 2014
    • Exports US$269.5 million.
    • Imports US$0.54 million.
 Sri Lanka12 February 1992[93]See Azerbaijan–Sri Lanka relations
  • Sri Lanka is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.
 Syria28 March 1992[94]See Azerbaijan–Syria relations

Syria is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.

 Tajikistan29 May 1992[95]See Azerbaijan–Tajikistan relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Dushanbe.
  • Tajikistan has an embassy in Baku.
 Thailand7 July 1992[96]See Azerbaijan–Thailand relations
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Thailand from its embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  • Thailand has a consulate in Baku.
 Turkey14 Jan. 1992[97]See Azerbaijan–Turkey relations
 Turkmenistan9 June 1992[99]See Azerbaijan–Turkmenistan relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Ashgabat.
  • Turkmenistan has an embassy in Baku.
  • The Azerbaijan-Turkmenistan inter-parliamentary friendship group functions in the Milli Majlis (Parliament) of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Turkmenistan-Azerbaijan inter-parliamentary friendship group works in the Majlis of Turkmenistan.[100]
 United Arab Emirates1 September 1992[101]See Azerbaijan–United Arab Emirates relations
  • The United Arab Emirates recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan on 26 December 1991.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates have an embassy in Baku.
 Uzbekistan2 October 1995[102]See Azerbaijan–Uzbekistan relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Tashkent.
  • Uzbekistan has an embassy in Baku.
 Vietnam23 September 1992[103]See Azerbaijan–Vietnam relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Hanoi.
  • Vietnam is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Moscow.
 Yemen25 February 1992[104]See Azerbaijan–Yemen relations
  • Yemen is accredited to Azerbaijan via its embassy in Ankara.

Europe

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Albania23 September 1992[105]See Albania–Azerbaijan relations
 Austria20 February 1992See Austria–Azerbaijan relations
 Belarus11 June 1993See Azerbaijan–Belarus relations
 Belgium17 June 1992See Azerbaijan–Belgium relations
 Bosnia and Herzegovina19 February 1995[110]See Azerbaijan–Bosnia and Herzegovina relations
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 9 February 1995. Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries on the same day.[111]
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara.
 Bulgaria5 June 1992See Azerbaijan—Bulgaria relations
 Croatia26 January 1995See Azerbaijan–Croatia relations
 CyprusAzerbaijan formally recognizes the government of the Republic of Cyprus as the sole representative of the island, but has not yet established diplomatic relations with Cyprus. The parliament of Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic issued a resolution recognizing the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus as a sovereign state. While this recognition is not regarded by Azerbaijan and internationally as 'official state-to-state', Azerbaijan itself maintained cordial unofficial relations with the TRNC. In 2004, Azerbaijan threatened to formally recognize the TRNC if the Annan Plan was voted down by the Greek Cypriots (who rejected the plan in one of twin referendums held 24 April 2004 in both the Greek and Turkish zones simultaneously), but backed off the threat when it was pointed out by Cyprus that doing so would be hypocritical, as a portion of its territory just like that of Cyprus itself is under occupation and would probably result in negative impact on its ongoing dispute with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh.[115]
 Czech Republic29 January 1993See Azerbaijan–Czech Republic relations
 Denmark2 April 1992[117]See Azerbaijan-Denmark relations
  • The Kingdom of Denmark recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan on 31 December 1991.
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 2 April 1992.[118]
  • Denmark has a consulate in Baku.
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in London.
 Estonia20 April 1992See Azerbaijan-Estonia relations
  • Estonia recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 20 February 1992.
  • Diplomatic relations between Azerbaijan and Estonia have been established since 20 April 1992.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Tallinn.
  • Estonia has an embassy in Baku.
 Finland24 March 1992
  • The Republic of Finland recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 30 December 1991.[119]
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 24 March 1992.[119]
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Finland from its embassy in Stockholm.
  • Finland has a consulate in Baku.
 France21 February 1992See Azerbaijan—France relations
 Georgia1918,
18 November 1992		See Azerbaijan–Georgia relations
 Germany20 February 1992[122]See Azerbaijan–Germany relations
 Greece2 April 1992See Azerbaijan–Greece relations
 Holy See23 May 1992See Azerbaijan–Holy See relations
  • Diplomatic relations with the Holy See were established on 23 May 1992.[126]
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to the Holy See through its embassy in Paris, France.[126]
  • The Holy See is accredited to Azerbaijan through its nunciature in Ankara, Turkey.[126]
Hungary27 April 1992See Azerbaijan–Hungary relations
 Iceland27 February 1998[128]See Azerbaijan–Iceland relations
  • Iceland recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 19 January 1992.[128]
  • Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries on 27 February 1998.[128]
  • Iceland is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Moscow.
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Iceland from its embassy in London.
Ireland1 July 1996See Azerbaijan–Ireland relations
  • Azerbaijan is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom).[129]
  • Ireland is represented in Azerbaijan through its embassy in Ankara (Turkey).
 Italy8 May 1992See Azerbaijan–Italy relations
 KosovoSee Azerbaijan–Kosovo relations
 Latvia11 January 1994See Azerbaijan—Latvia relations
 Liechtenstein21 January 1992[133]See Azerbaijan–Liechtenstein relations
 Lithuania27 November 1995See Azerbaijan—Lithuania relations
 Moldova21 December 1991[134]See Azerbaijan–Moldova relations
 Monaco19 December 2007[135]See Azerbaijan–Monaco relations
 Montenegro24 April 2008See Azerbaijan–Montenegro relations

Azerbaijan recognized the independence of Montenegro on 24 July 2006. On 24 April 2008, diplomatic relations between these two countries were established.

 Netherlands1 April 1992See Azerbaijan–Netherlands relations
 North Macedonia28 June 1995[138]See Azerbaijan—North Macedonia relations
  • North Macedonia has an economic office in Baku.
 Poland21 February 1992See Azerbaijan-Poland relations
 Portugal5 June 1992[139]See Azerbaijan–Portugal relations
  • Portugal recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 7 January 1992.[139]
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 5 June 1992.[139]
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Portugal from its embassy in Rabat, Morocco.
  • Portugal is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
 Romania21 June 1992See Azerbaijan–Romania relations
 Russia4 April 1992See Azerbaijan–Russia relations
 San Marino19 April 2002[141]See Azerbaijan–San Marino relations
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to San Marino from its embassy in Rome, Italy.
  • San Marino maintains an honorary consulate in Baku.
 Serbia21 August 1997See Azerbaijan–Serbia relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Baku.
 Slovakia23 November 1993[142]See Azerbaijan–Slovakia relations
  • Azerbaijan has a consulate in Bratislava.
  • Slovakia has an embassy in Baku.
 Slovenia20 February 1996[143]See Azerbaijan–Slovenia relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Ljubljana.
  • Slovenia has a consulate in Baku.
 Spain11 February 1992[144]See Azerbaijan–Spain relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Madrid.
  • Spain has an embassy office in Baku.
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
 Sweden8 May 1992See Azerbaijan–Sweden relations
  Switzerland21 January 1992See Azerbaijan–Switzerland relations
 Ukraine1919,
6 February 1992		See Azerbaijan–Ukraine relations
 United Kingdom1918,
11 March 1992		See Azerbaijan – United Kingdom relations

Oceania

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Australia19 June 1992[154]See Australia–Azerbaijan relations
  • Australia is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Canberra.
 New Zealand29 June 1992[155]See Azerbaijan—New Zealand relations
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to New Zealand from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.
  • New Zealand is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.

International organizations

AsDBBSECCECISEAPCEBRDECEECOESCAPFAOGUAMIAEAIBRDICAOICRMIDAIDBIFADIFCIFRCSILOIMFIMOInterpolIOC, IOMISO (correspondent)ITUITUCOAS (observer)OICOPCWOSCEPFPUnited NationsUNCTADUNESCOUNIDOUPUWCOWFTUWHOWIPOWMOWToOWTO(observer)

Other entities

Disputes

Nagorno-Karabakh/Azerbaijan

The frozen conflict over currently largely Armenian-populated region of Nagorno-Karabakh within the Republic of Azerbaijan began when in 1988 the Armenian majority of Nagorno-Karabakh demanded autonomy with demonstrations and persecutions against ethnic Azeris following in Armenia. This led to anti-Armenian rioting in Azerbaijan, with Azerbaijani militias beginning their effort to expel Armenians from the enclave. In 1992, a war broke out and pogroms of Armenians and Azeris forced both groups to flee their homes. In 1994, a Russian-brokered ceasefire ended the war but more than 1 million ethnic Armenians and Azeris are still not able to return. In 2023, an Azerbaijani offensive into Nagorno-Karabakh ended the conflict, with the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh conceding sovereignty to the government of Azerbaijan on January 1, 2024.

Caviar diplomacy

The European Stability Initiative (ESI) has revealed in a report from 2012 with the title "Caviar diplomacy: How Azerbaijan silenced the Council of Europe", that since Azerbaijan's entry into the Council of Europe, each year 30 to 40 deputies are invited to Azerbaijan and generously paid with expensive gifts, including caviar (worth up to 1,400 euro), silk carpets, gold, silver and large amounts of money.[156][157] In return they become lobbyists for Azerbaijan. This practice has been widely referred to as "Caviar diplomacy".[158]

ESI also published a report on 2013 Presidential elections in Azerbaijan titled "Disgraced: Azerbaijan and the end of election monitoring as we know it". The report revealed the ties between Azerbaijani government and the members of certain observation missions who praised the elections.[159] Azerbaijan's "Caviar diplomacy" at 2013 presidential elections sparked a major international scandal, as the reports of two authoritative organizations Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe/European Parliament and OSCE/ODIHR completely contradicted one another in their assessments of elections.[160][161][162][163]

Non-governmental anti-corruption organization Transparency International has regularly judged Azerbaijan to be one of the most corrupt countries in the world[163][164] and has also criticized Azerbaijan for the "Caviar diplomacy".[158][165]

At June 2016 the public prosecutor of Milan has accused the former leader of the (Christian) Union of the center and of the European People's Party of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Luca Volonte of accepting large bribes from representatives of the Azerbaijani government.[166] Two people with high-level experience of the Council of Europe's parliamentary assembly (Pace) have told the Guardian they believe its members have been offered bribes for votes by Azerbaijan. Former Azerbaijani diplomat, Arif Mammadov, alleged that a member of Azerbaijan's delegation at the Council of Europe had €30m (£25m) to spend on lobbying its institutions, including the Council of Europe assembly.[167] PACE ratified the terms of reference of an independent external investigation body to carry out a detailed independent inquiry into the allegations of corruption at the council involving Azerbaijan.[168]

ESISC report

On 6 March 2017, ESISC (European Strategic Intelligence and Security Center) published a scandalous report called "The Armenian Connection" where it veraciously attacked human rights NGOs and research organisations criticising human rights violations and corruption in Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Russia.[169]

ESISC in that report asserted that "Caviar diplomacy" report elaborated by ESI aimed to create climate of suspicion based on slander to form a network of MPs that would engage in a political war against Azerbaijan.[170] In the Second Chapter of the report called "The Armenian Connection: «Mr X», Nils Muižnieks, Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights" that was published on 18 April 2017 ESISC asserted that the network composed of European PMs, Armenian officials and some NGOs: Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, "Human Rights House Foundation", "Open Dialog", European Stability Initiative, and Helsinki Committee for Human Rights, was financed by the Soros Foundation. According to ESISC the key figure of the network since 2012 has been Nils Muižnieks, Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe and the network has served to the interests of George Soros and the Republic of Armenia.[171]"The report is written in the worst traditions of authoritarian propaganda, makes absurd claims, and is clearly aimed at deflecting the wave of criticism against cover-up of unethical lobbying and corruption in PACE and demands for change in the Assembly", said Freedom Files Analytical Centre.[169]

According Robert Coalson (Radio Free Europe), ESISC is a part of Baku's lobbying efforts to extend to the use of front think tanks to shift public opinion.[172]

European Stability Initiative said that "ESISC report is full of lies (such as claiming that German PACE member Strasser holds pro-Armenian views and citing as evidence that he went to Yerevan in 2015 to commemorate the Armenian genocide, when Strasser has never in his life been to independent Armenia)".[173]

See also

Further reading

References

Retrieved from "https:https://www.search.com.vn/wiki/index.php?lang=en&q=Foreign_relations_of_Azerbaijan&oldid=1230814059"
🔥 Top keywords: Main PageSpecial:SearchPage 3Wikipedia:Featured picturesHouse of the DragonUEFA Euro 2024Bryson DeChambeauJuneteenthInside Out 2Eid al-AdhaCleopatraDeaths in 2024Merrily We Roll Along (musical)Jonathan GroffJude Bellingham.xxx77th Tony AwardsBridgertonGary PlauchéKylian MbappéDaniel RadcliffeUEFA European Championship2024 ICC Men's T20 World CupUnit 731The Boys (TV series)Rory McIlroyN'Golo KantéUEFA Euro 2020YouTubeRomelu LukakuOpinion polling for the 2024 United Kingdom general electionThe Boys season 4Romania national football teamNicola CoughlanStereophonic (play)Gene WilderErin DarkeAntoine GriezmannProject 2025