In a segmented architecture computer, a far pointer is a pointer to memory in a specific context,[1] such as a segment selector making it possible to point to addresses outside of the default segment.
Comparison and arithmetic on far pointers is problematic: there can be several different segment-offset address pairs pointing to one physical address.
In 16-bit x86
For example, in an Intel 8086, as well as in later processors running 16-bit code, a far pointer has two parts: a 16-bit segment value, and a 16-bit offset value. A linear address is obtained by shifting the binary segment value four times to the left, and then adding the offset value. Hence the effective address is 20 bits (actually 21-bit,[which?] which led to the address wraparound and the Gate A20).[clarification needed] There can be up to 4096 different segment-offset address pairs pointing to one physical address. To compare two far pointers, they must first be converted (normalized) to their 20-bit linear representation.
On C compilers targeting the 8086 processor family, far pointers were declared using a non-standard far qualifier; e.g., char far *p; defined a far pointer to a char. The difficulty of normalizing far pointers could be avoided with the non-standard huge qualifier. On other compilers it was done using an equally non-standard __far qualifier.[2]
Example of far pointer:
#include <stdio.h>int main() { char far *p =(char far *)0x55550005; char far *q =(char far *)0x53332225; *p = 80; (*p)++; printf("%d",*q); return 0;}- Output of the following program: 81; Because both addresses point to same location.
- Physical Address = (value of segment register) * 0x10 + (value of offset).
- Location pointed to by pointer
pis : 0x5555 * 0x10 + 0x0005 = 0x55555 - Location pointed to by pointer
qis : 0x5333 * 0x10 + 0x2225 = 0x55555 - So,
pandqboth point to the same location 0x55555.