Ewenki Autonomous Banner

Ewenki Autonomous Banner[3] or Evenk Autonomous Banner[4] (Evenki: ; Mongolian: ᠡᠸᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ; Chinese: 鄂温克族自治旗) is an autonomous banner that lies on the border between northwestern Greater Khingan and Hulun Buir grasslands and directly south of the urban district of Hailar in the prefecture-level city of Hulunbuir, China.[1] The autonomous banner has an area of 19,111 km2 (7,379 sq mi),[1] and a population of 136,832 as of 2019.[5]: 20–1  The banner's seat of government is the town of Bayan Tohoi [zh].[1] The most populous town in the banner is Dayan [zh], which was once Dayan Mining Area as an administrative division and is now the main part of an industrial district also named Dayan Mining Area, has an area of 443 square kilometres (171 sq mi) and a population of about 73,000.[citation needed][clarification needed]

Ewenki Banner
鄂温克旗ᠡᠸᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠧᠸᠧᠩᠺᠢ ᠭᠣᠰ
(Chinese) • (Mongolian) • (Ewenki)
Ewenki Autonomous Banner
鄂温克族自治旗
ᠡᠸᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠧᠸᠧᠩᠺᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠨᠨᠢ ᠮᠧᠧᠨᠵᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠠᠷ ᠭᠣᠰ
Ewenki Banner in Hulunbuir
Ewenki Banner in Hulunbuir
Ewenki is located in Inner Mongolia
Ewenki
Ewenki
Location in Inner Mongolia
Ewenki is located in China
Ewenki
Ewenki
Ewenki (China)
Coordinates (Ewenki Banner government): 49°08′48″N 119°45′19″E / 49.1468°N 119.7552°E / 49.1468; 119.7552
CountryChina
Autonomous regionInner Mongolia
Prefecture-level cityHulunbuir
Banner seatBayan Tohoi
Area
 • Total19,111 km2 (7,379 sq mi)
Population
 (2020)[2]
 • Total141,102
 • Density7.4/km2 (19/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
021100
Websitewww.ewenke.gov.cn
Ewenki Autonomous Banner
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese鄂温克族自治旗
Traditional Chinese鄂溫克族自治旗
Mongolian name
Mongolian CyrillicЭвэнк өөртөө засах хошуу
Mongolian scriptᠡᠸᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ
Evenki name
Evenkiᠧᠸᠧᠩᠺᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠨᠨᠢ ᠮᠧᠧᠨᠵᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠠᠷ ᠭᠣᠰ
Ewengki Aimanni Mvvngkeng Isihēr Gosa
Эвенки Аймани Мвенкен Исихер Госа

Administrative divisions

The banner is divided into 4 towns, 1 ethnic township, and 5 sums.[1][6][7] These subdivisions are further divided into 44 Gacha [zh] and 20 Residential Communities.[1] The banner's seat of government is the town of Bayan Tohoi.[1]

NameSimplified ChineseHanyu PinyinMongolian (Hudum Script)[8][better source needed]Mongolian (Cyrillic)[citation needed]Administrative division codeNotes
Towns
Bayan Tohoi [zh]巴彦托海镇Bāyàntuōhǎi Zhènᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠲᠣᠬᠣᠢ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤБаяндахуй балгас150724100
Dayan [zh]大雁镇Dàyàn Zhènᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤДа яан балгас150724110
Imin Gol [zh]伊敏河镇Yīmǐnhé Zhènᠢᠮᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤИмин гол балгас150724111
Hongholji [zh]红花尔基镇Hónghuā'ěrjī Zhènᠬᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤХонголж балгас150724112
Ethnic township
Bayan Tal Daur Ethnic Township [zh]巴彦塔拉达斡尔民族乡Bāyàntǎlā Dáwò'ěr Mínzúxiāngᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩБаянтөл дагуур үндэстэний шиян150724213(Daur)
Bayn tal Daor aimn tors
Sums
Bayan Qagan Sum [zh]巴彦嵯岗苏木Bāyàncuógǎng Sūmùᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤБаянцагаан сум150724210
Xinhen West Sum [zh]锡尼河西苏木Xīníhéxī Sūmùᠰᠢᠨᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤШинэхэн баруун сум150724211
Xinhen East Sum [zh]锡尼河东苏木Xīníhédōng Sūmùᠰᠢᠨᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤШинэхэн зүүн сум150724212
Imin Sum [zh]伊敏苏木Yīmǐn Sūmùᠢᠮᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤИмин сум150724214
Hui Sum [zh]辉苏木Huī Sūmùᠬᠤᠢ ᠰᠤᠮᠤХой сум150724215

Other: Bayan Tohoi Economic Development Zone (巴彦托海经济开发区)

Geography and Climate

Map including part of modern-day Ewenki Autonomous Banner (AMS, 1951)

The overwhelming majority of the banner's area is grassland, although the banner also includes a sizable amount of woodlands.[1][7] The banner experiences an average annual precipitation of 315 mm (12.4 in), and an average annual temperature of −2.4 °C (27.7 °F).[7]

Climate data for Ewenki Autonomous Banner, elevation 621 m (2,037 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)−0.7
(30.7)
4.1
(39.4)
16.3
(61.3)
30.0
(86.0)
34.1
(93.4)
40.1
(104.2)
40.1
(104.2)
37.2
(99.0)
33.8
(92.8)
26.8
(80.2)
13.0
(55.4)
2.7
(36.9)
40.1
(104.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)−19.7
(−3.5)
−13.7
(7.3)
−3.2
(26.2)
9.8
(49.6)
19.1
(66.4)
25.2
(77.4)
27.1
(80.8)
24.9
(76.8)
18.4
(65.1)
8.0
(46.4)
−6.0
(21.2)
−17.0
(1.4)
6.1
(42.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)−25.6
(−14.1)
−20.7
(−5.3)
−10.2
(13.6)
3.1
(37.6)
12.0
(53.6)
18.5
(65.3)
21.0
(69.8)
18.5
(65.3)
11.2
(52.2)
1.0
(33.8)
−12.1
(10.2)
−22.4
(−8.3)
−0.5
(31.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)−30.1
(−22.2)
−26.3
(−15.3)
−16.4
(2.5)
−3.3
(26.1)
4.4
(39.9)
11.4
(52.5)
15.2
(59.4)
12.8
(55.0)
5.0
(41.0)
−4.4
(24.1)
−16.9
(1.6)
−26.9
(−16.4)
−6.3
(20.7)
Record low °C (°F)−46.5
(−51.7)
−42.6
(−44.7)
−34.0
(−29.2)
−22.4
(−8.3)
−10.9
(12.4)
−0.6
(30.9)
4.1
(39.4)
0.5
(32.9)
−8.2
(17.2)
−21.4
(−6.5)
−39.0
(−38.2)
−42.7
(−44.9)
−46.5
(−51.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches)3.7
(0.15)
3.5
(0.14)
5.4
(0.21)
12.6
(0.50)
23.6
(0.93)
51.0
(2.01)
87.2
(3.43)
82.2
(3.24)
35.0
(1.38)
15.5
(0.61)
6.1
(0.24)
6.4
(0.25)
332.2
(13.09)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)8.15.35.36.27.811.613.612.49.26.66.99.7102.7
Average snowy days11.88.68.46.31.10.1000.55.510.413.766.4
Average relative humidity (%)72726549445666686260707363
Mean monthly sunshine hours178.5211.0269.5264.7289.6295.5292.5279.9248.2220.6178.3153.22,881.5
Percent possible sunshine66737364616160646767666065
Source: China Meteorological Administration[9][10]

Economy

A number of local state-run enterprises are located in Ewenki Autonomous Banner, many of which deal with natural resources such as coal and lumber.[1] These enterprises include Huaneng Yimin Coal and Electricity Company, which produces thermal and photovoltaic electricity,[11] Shenhua Dayan Energy Group, and Inner Mongolia Tongda Coal Industry Corporation.[1]

Ewenki Autonomous Banner's gross domestic product totaled 10.69273 billion renminbi (RMB) as of 2019, a 2.3% increase from 2018.[5]: 20–30  Of this, 8.47% came from the autonomous banner's primary sector, 55.16% came from the secondary sector, and 36.37% came from the tertiary sector.[5]: 20–30 

In 2019, households in the autonomous banner earned an average annual disposable income of 33,168 RMB.[5]: 20–30  The autonomous banner's urban households earned an average of 33,214 RMB in disposable income, ranking 58th out of the 101 county-level divisions in Inner Mongolia for which this statistic was reported;[5]: 20–5  and rural households in the autonomous banner earned an average of 24,926 RMB in disposable income, ranking 9th out of the 90 county-level divisions for which this statistic was reported.[5]: 20–6 

Consumer retail sales in the autonomous banner totaled 2.06048 billion RMB as of 2019.[5]: 20–30 

As of 2019, there were 21,204 mobile telephone subscriptions in the Ewenki Autonomous Banner, accounting for 14.50% of its total population, and 29,769 internet subscriptions, accounting for 21.76% of its total population.[5]: 20–30 

In 2019, Ewenki Autonomous Banner earned 736.62 million RMB in public budget revenue, ranking 40th out of the 103 county-level divisions in Inner Mongolia.[5]: 20–4 

Agriculture

Ewenki Autonomous Banner produced 49,145 tons of grain in 2019, ranking 71st out of the 96 county-level divisions in Inner Mongolia which for which this statistic was reported.[5]: 20–2  In the same year, the autonomous banner produced 17,749 tons of meat, ranking 57th out of Inner Mongolia's 103 county-level divisions.[5]: 20–3 

Demographics

As of 2019, the autonomous banner's population of 136,832 ranks 71st out of Inner Mongolia's 103 county-level divisions.[5]: 20–1  This total was a 0.7% decline from the previous year.[5]: 20–30 

Ethnicity

The autonomous banner's government reported in 2013 that ethnic minorities within the banner totaled 58,843 people, accounting for 40.8% of the total population.[1] In addition to the Han Chinese majority in the autonomous banner,[1] sizable minority communities include the Evenki, Mongol, Daur, Manchu, Hui, Korean, Oroqen, and Sibe people.[7]

EthnicityPopulation[1]Percentage[1]
Han Chinese~85,15759.2%
Mongol27,80919.3%
Daur14,2399.9%
Evenki11,1937.8%
Others~5,6023.8%

Education

The autonomous banner has 10 primary schools and 11 secondary schools.[5]: 20–30 

Healthcare

As of 2019, Ewenki Autonomous Banner's medical institutions host 604 beds, and are staffed by 1,100 personnel.[5]: 20–30 

Transport

Ewenki Autonomous Banner is served by 1,422 kilometres (884 mi) of highway as of 2019.[5]: 20–30 

Dayan [zh] is crossed by the Hailar–Imin Railway [zh],[7] the Harbin-Manzhouli railway,[citation needed] and highways G301 and G10.[citation needed] Hailar International Airport is the nearest airport.[citation needed]

References