E (Mongolic)

E is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.[1]: 549–551 

Mongolian language

E
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
a
e
i
o
u
ö
ü
(ē)
Mongolian consonants
n
ng
b
(p)
q/k
γ/g
m
l
s
š
t
d
č
ǰ
y
r
(w)
Foreign consonants
Letter[2]: 17, 18–19 [3]: 546 
‑eeTransliteration[note 1]
[a]Alone
[b]
ᠡ‍Initial
‍ᠡ‍Medial
‍ᠡConnected final
᠎ᠡ⟨?⟩ Separated final
Ligatures[2]: 22–23, 24–25 [3]: 546 
bepeke, geTransliteration
ᠪᠡ[c]ᠫᠡᠬᠡ[d]Alone
ᠪᠡ‍ᠫᠡ‍ᠬᠡ‍Initial
‍ᠪᠡ‍‍ᠫᠡ‍‍ᠬᠡ‍Medial
‍ᠪᠡ‍ᠫᠡ‍ᠬᠡFinal
Separated suffixes[note 2]
‑eTransliteration
 ᠡ‍Initial
 ᠡ⟨?⟩ Whole
  • Transcribes Chakhar /ə/;[8][9] Khalkha /i/, /e/, /ə/, and //.[10]: 40–42  Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter э.[11][4]
  • Medial and final forms may be distinguished from those of other tooth-shaped letters through: vowel harmony (a) and its effect on the shape of a word's consonants (q/k and γ/g), or position in syllable sequence (n, ng, d).[12]
  • The final tail extends to the left after bow-shaped consonants (such as b, p, k, and g), and to the right in all other cases.
  • ᠡ᠋‍ = a traditional initial form.[13]: 6 
  • Derived from Old Uyghur aleph (𐽰).[3]: 539–540, 545–546 [14]: 111, 113 [15]: 35 
  • Produced with E using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.[16]
  • In the Mongolian Unicode block, e comes after a and before i.

Ee

Letter[15]: 38–39 
ē (é)Transliteration[note 3]
Alone
ᠧ‍Initial
‍ᠧ‍Medial
‍ᠧFinal
Example ligatures
Transliteration
ᠹᠧᠺᠧᠻᠧAlone
ᠹᠧ‍ᠺᠧ‍ᠻᠧ‍Initial
‍ᠹᠧ‍‍ᠺᠧ‍‍ᠻᠧ‍Medial
‍ᠹᠧ‍ᠺᠧ‍ᠻᠧFinal
  • Stands in for e in loanwords,[15]: 38 [9] such as in ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ēüropa (Европ Yevrop).[11]: 48 [17] Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter е.[11][4]
  • Indistinguishable from w, except when inferred by its placement: typically between consonants.[15]: 38 
  • Ultimately derived from Old Uyghur bet (𐽱).[15]: 38 [3]: 539–540, 545–546 [14]: 111, 113 
  • Produced with ⇧ Shift+E using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.[16]
  • In the Mongolian Unicode block, ē comes after ü and before n.

Clear Script

Xibe language

Manchu language

Notes

References