Comparison of orbital rocket engines

This page is an incomplete list of orbital rocket engine data and specifications.

Current, Upcoming, and In-Development rocket engines

EngineOriginDesignerVehicleStatusUsePropellantPower cycleSpecific impulse (s)[a]Thrust (N)[a]Chamber pressure (bar)Mass (kg)Thrust:​weight ratio[b]Oxidiser:​fuel ratio
AJ-10-190  USAAerojetSpace Shuttle, Orion, Apollo CSMActiveUpperN2O4/MMHPressure-fed316[1]26,689[1]8.62[1]118[1]23.08
Archimedes  New Zealand  USARocket LabNeutronDevelopment1st, 2ndCH4 / LOXStaged, oxidizer-rich730,000
Aeon-R  USARelativity SpaceTerran RDevelopment1st, 2ndCH4 / LOXGas generator1,147,000
BE-3  USABlue OriginNew ShepardActive1stLH2 / LOXCombustion tap-off490,000[2]
BE-3U  USABlue OriginNew GlennDevelopment2ndLH2 / LOXExpander, open710,000[2]
BE-4  USABlue OriginNew Glenn, VulcanActive[3]1stCH4 / LOXStaged, oxidizer-rich339[4]2,400,000[5][6]134[7]
BE-7  USABlue OriginBlue MoonDevelopment1stLH2 / LOXExpander, open10,000
CE-20  IndiaLPSCGSLV Mk IIIActiveUpperLH2 / LOXGas generator434196,50060.0058834.15.05
CE-7.5  IndiaLPSCGSLV Mk IIActiveUpperLH2 / LOXStaged454[8]73,5005844516.85
E2  USAABL Space SystemsRS1Active1stRP-1 / LOX // Jet-A / LOXGas generator53,800[9]64
E2 Vacuum  USAABL Space SystemsRS1Active2ndRP-1 / LOX // Jet-A / LOXGas generator57,800[9]
Engine-2  USAVastTBADevelopment1stRP-1 / LOXStaged, oxidizer-rich327[10]
290 (SL)
100,000[10]1002.62
Engine-2 Vacuum  USAVastTBADevelopment2ndRP-1 / LOXStaged, oxidizer-rich365[10]100,000[10]2.62
GEM 63  USANorthrop GrummanAtlas VActiveBoosterHTPBSolid fuel279.06 (Vac)[11]1,662,745[12]49,300 with fuel
GEM 63XL  USANorthrop GrummanVulcanActiveBoosterHTPBSolid fuel280.3 (Vac)[13]2,025,720[12]53,400 with fuel
Hadley  USAUrsa Major TechnologiesRocket 4Active2ndRP-1 / LOXStaged, oxidizer-rich22,241 (SL)[14]62
Helix [DE]  GermanyRocket Factory AugsburgRFA OneDevelopment1st, 2ndRP-1/LOXStaged combustion350,
325 (SL)[15]
100,000[15]100[16]
HM-7B  EuropeSnecmaAriane 2, 3, 4, 5 ECAActiveUpperLH2 / LOXGas generator446[17]
310 (SL)[18]
64,800[17]
43,600 (SL)[18]
37[17]165[17]43.255
HyPER-15[19]  South KoreaInnospace [KO]Hanbit-Nano, -Micro, -MiniDevelopment1stParaffin / LOXElectric pump292150,000[20]
LE-5B  JapanMitsubishi, JAXAH-IIA,
H-IIB
ActiveUpperLH2 / LOXExpander, open447[21]137,00036.026951.935
LE-7A  JapanMitsubishi, JAXAH-IIA,
H-IIB
Active1stLH2 / LOXStaged438[22]
338 (SL)[22]
1,098,000
870,000 (SL)
1201,80065.95.9
LE-9  JapanMitsubishi, JAXAH-3Development1stLH2 / LOXExpander, open425[23]1,471,0001002,40062.55.9
Lightning 1  USAFirefly AerospaceAlphaActive2ndRP-1 / LOXCombustion tap-off322[24]70,100[24]
Merlin 1D FT  USASpaceXFalcon 9 B5, HeavyActive1stRP-1 / LOXGas generator311914,000[25]
845,000 (SL)[25]
108.0[26]470194.5[25]
Merlin Vacuum 1D  USASpaceXFalcon 9 B5, HeavyActive2ndRP-1 / LOXGas generator348[27]981,000[28]2.36
Miranda  USAFirefly AerospaceAntares 300 Series

Firefly Aerospace MLV

Development1st230,000
M10  EUAvioVega-E[29]DevelopmentUpper[29]CH4 / LOX[29]Expander, closed362[29]98,000[29]3.4[29]
NK-33A (AJ26-62),
11Д111 / 14Д15
 Soviet UnionJSC KuznetsovAntares 100, Soyuz-2-1vActive1stRP-1 / LOXStaged, oxidizer-rich331[30]
297 (SL)
1,680,000
1,510,000 (SL)
1451,222136.8
P80  EuropeAvioVegaActive1stHTPBSolid fuel280[31]3,015,000[31]8896,000 with fuel
P120  EuropeAvioAriane 6,
Vega-C
ActiveBooster, 1stHTPBSolid fuel279[32]4,650,000[32]105153,000 with fuel[32]
S139  IndiaSDSCPSLVActive1stHTPBSolid fuel269[33]4,860,00058160,200
with fuel
Raptor[34]  USASpaceXStarshipDevelopment1st, 2ndCH4 / LOXStaged, full-flow350[35]
327 (SL)
3,240,000 (SL) est.[36]350[37]1,500 est.[38]220 est.[36][38]3.6[39]
Raptor Vacuum[34]  USASpaceXStarshipDevelopment2ndCH4 / LOXStaged, full-flow380[35]>3,240,000 est.[36]350[37]>1,500 est.[38]<120[38]3.6[39]
RD-0124,
14Д23
 RussiaKBKhASoyuz-2.1b,
Soyuz-2-1v,
Angara
Active2nd, 3rdRP-1 / LOXStaged, oxidizer-rich359[40]294,30016052057.7
RD-0146D  RussiaKBKhAAngaraDevelopmentUpperLH2 / LOXExpander, closed470[41]68,60059
RD-107A,
14Д22
 RussiaNPO EnergomashSoyuz-FG, -2Active1stRP-1 / LOXGas generator320.2[42]
263.3 (SL)
1,019,892
839,449 (SL)
61.21,09078.53
RD-108A,
14Д21
 RussiaNPO EnergomashSoyuz-FG, -2Active2ndRP-1 / LOXGas generator320.6[42]
257.7 (SL)
921,825
792,377 (SL)
55.51,07575.16
RD-171M,[c] 11Д520  RussiaNPO EnergomashSoyuz-5, Zenit-2M, -3SL, -3SLB, -3SLBFActive1stRP-1 / LOXStaged, oxidizer-rich337.2[43]
309.5 (SL)
7,904,160
7,256,921 (SL)
2509,30079.57
RD-180  RussiaNPO EnergomashAtlas V, IIIActive1stRP-1 / LOXStaged, oxidizer-rich338.4[44]
311.9 (SL)
4,152,136
3,826,555 (SL)
261.75,48071.22.72
RD-191  RussiaNPO EnergomashAngaraActive1stRP-1 / LOXStaged, oxidizer-rich337.5[45]
311.2 (SL)
2,084,894
1,922,103 (SL)
262.62,20089.09
RD-193  RussiaNPO EnergomashSoyuz-2-1vDevelopment1stRP-1 / LOXStaged, oxidizer-rich337.5[46]
311.2 (SL)
2,084,894
1,922,103 (SL)
1,900103.15
RD-276,
14Д14М
 RussiaNPO EnergomashProton-MActive1stN2O4 / UDMHStaged, oxidizer-rich315.8[47]
288 (SL)
1,831,882
1,671,053 (SL)
168.51,120171.2
RD-801  UkrainePivdenne/​PivdenmashMayakDevelopment1stRP-1 / LOXStaged, oxidizer-rich336 [48]
300.7 (SL)
1,339,255
1,198,608 (SL)
1801,6302.65
RD-809K  UkrainePivdenne/​PivdenmashMayakDevelopmentUpperRP-1 / LOXStaged, oxidizer-rich352 [48]98,0673302.62
RD-810  UkrainePivdenne/​PivdenmashMayak, ZenitDevelopment1stRP-1 / LOXStaged, oxidizer-rich335.5 [49]
299 (SL)
2,104,890
1,876,149 (SL)
1802,8002.65
RD-843  UkrainePivdenne/​PivdenmashVegaActiveupperN2O4 / UDMHPressure-fed315.52,45220.415.932.0
RD-861K  UkrainePivdenne/​PivdenmashCyclone-4MDevelopment2ndN2O4 / UDMHGas generator330 [50]77,6292072.41
RD-870  UkrainePivdenne/​PivdenmashCyclone-4MDevelopment1stRP-1 / LOXStaged, oxidizer-rich340 [51]
301.5 (SL)
876,715
777,667 (SL)
1,3532.684
Reaver 1  USAFirefly AerospaceAlphaActive1stRP-1 / LOXCombustion tap-off265 (SL)

295.6[24] (Vac)

184,000[24]75
RL-10A-4-2[52]  USAAerojet RocketdyneAtlas IIIB, VActiveUpperLH2 / LOXExpander, closed45199,1954216860.275.5
RL-10B-2[52]  USAAerojet RocketdyneDelta III, IV, SLSActiveUpperLH2 / LOXExpander, closed465.5110,0934430137.275.88
RL-10C-1[52]  USAAerojet RocketdyneDelta III, IV, SLS, VulcanActiveUpperLH2 / LOXExpander, closed450101,8204419154.55.5
RS-25  USARocketdyneSpace Shuttle, SLSActive1stLH2 / LOXStaged, fuel-rich452.3
366 (SL)
2,279,000
1,860,000 (SL)[53]
206.43,52653.79
RS-68A[d]  USARocketdyneDelta IV, IV HeavyActive1stLH2 / LOXGas generator411[54]
362 (SL)
3,558,577
3,135,996 (SL)
1096,68654.315.97
Rutherford  New Zealand  USARocket LabElectronActive1stRP-1 / LOXElectric pump31124,900
25,000 (SL)
5535[55]72.8 (SL)
Rutherford Vacuum  New Zealand  USARocket LabElectronActive2ndRP-1 / LOXElectric pump34325,800[55]
S200  IndiaSDSCGSLV Mk IIIActiveBoosterHTPBSolid fuel274.5[56]5,150,000[57][58][59]207,000
with fuel[56]
SCE-200  IndiaLPSCGSLV Mk III,
ULV
DevelopmentUpper, mainRP-1 / LOXStaged, oxidizer-rich335
299 (SL)
2,030,000
1,820,000 (SL)
1802,700
SLS Solid Rocket Booster[e]  USAOrbital ATKSLSActiveBoosterPBANSolid fuel26716,000,000730,000
with fuel
SLV-1  IndiaGodrej & BoycePSLVActiveBoosterHTPBSolid fuel253[60]502,6004310,800
with fuel
SRB-A3  JapanIHI Aerospace,
JAXA
H-IIA,
H-IIB,
Epsilon
ActiveBoosterHTPBSolid fuel283.6[61]2,305,000
2,150,000 (SL)
11176,600
with fuel
TEPREL-B  SpainPLD SpaceMiura 1Active1stRP-1 / LOXPressure-fed30,200 (SL)
TEPREL-C  SpainPLD SpaceMiura 5Development1st, 2ndRP-1 / LOXGas-generator190,000 (SL)
TQ-12[62]  ChinaLandspaceZQ-2Active1stCH4 / LOXGas generator284667,000 (SL)101
Vikas (rocket engine)  IndiaLPSCPSLV, GSLV, GSLV Mk IIIActive2nd, main, boosterN2O4 / UDMHGas generator262680,500–804,500
600,500–756,500 (SL)
53.0–58.5
Vinci  EuropeSnecmaAriane 6DevelopmentUpperLH2 / LOXExpander, closed[63]457[64]180,0006028065.606.1
Vulcain 2.1  EuropeSnecmaAriane 6Development1stLH2 / LOXGas generator1,324,000120.82,00066.2
YF-21B  ChinaAALPTLong March 2E, 2F, 3ActiveBooster, 1stN2O4 / UDMHGas generator260.66 (SL)[65]740,400 (SL)[65]
YF-21C  ChinaAALPTLong March 2C, 2D, 3A, 3B, 3C, 4B, 4CActive1stN2O4 / UDMHGas generator260.7 (SL)[65]740,400 (SL)[65]
YF-25  ChinaAALPTLong March 3B, 3CActiveBoosterN2O4 / UDMHGas generator260.66 (SL)[65]740,400 (SL)[65]
YF-22B  ChinaAALPTLong March 2E, 2FActive2ndN2O4 / UDMHGas generator298.0[65]738,400
YF-22C  ChinaAALPTLong March 2C, 2D, 4B, 4CActive2ndN2O4 / UDMHGas generator298.0[65]742,040
YF-22D  ChinaAALPTLong March 3Active2ndN2O4 / UDMHGas generator298.0[65]741,400
YF-22E  ChinaAALPTLong March 3A, 3B, 3CActive2ndN2O4 / UDMHGas generator298.0[65]741,400
YF-40  ChinaAALPTLong March 4B, 4CActive3rdN2O4 / UDMHGas generator303103,000
YF-50D  ChinaAALPTLong March 3B, 3C, 5, 7ActiveUpperN2O4 / UDMHPressure-fed315.56,500
YF-73  ChinaAALPTLong March 3Active3rdLH2 / LOXGas generator420.044,150
YF-75  ChinaAALPTLong March 3A, 3B, 3CActive3rdLH2 / LOXGas generator438.0[65]78,450
YF-75D  ChinaAALPTLong March 5Active2ndLH2 / LOXExpander, closed442.688,36041265346.0
YF-77  ChinaAALPTLong March 5Active1stLH2 / LOXGas generator428
316.7 (SL)
700,000
518,000 (SL)
1021,054505.5
YF-79  ChinaAALPTLong March 9Development3rdLH2 / LOXExpander, closed455.2250,000706.0
YF-90[66]  ChinaAALPTLong March 9Development2ndLH2 / LOXStaged, fuel-rich4532,200,0001834,80046.746.0
YF-100  ChinaAALPTLong March 7, 5Active1stRP-1/ LOXStaged, oxidizer-rich335.1
300(SL)
1,339,480
1,199,190 (SL)
1801,912642.6
YF-115  ChinaAALPTLong March 6, 7Active2ndRP-1/ LOXStaged, oxidizer-rich341.5182,4001202.5
YF-130  ChinaAALPTLong March 9Development1stRP-1/ LOXStaged, oxidizer-rich308 (SL)~5,000,000 (SL)220~6,500782.62
Zefiro 9A  European UnionAvioVegaActive3rdHTPBSolid fuel295.2[67]314,000[67]7511,400 with fuel
Zefiro 23  European UnionAvioVegaActive2ndHTPBSolid fuel287.5[68]1,122,000[68]9425,935 with fuel
Zefiro 40  European UnionAvioVega-CActive3rdHTPBSolid fuel293.5[69]1,304,000[69]11539,206 with fuel

Retired and canceled rocket engines

EngineOriginDesignerVehicleUsePropellantPower cycleSpecific impulse (s)[a]Thrust (N)[a]Chamber pressure (bar)Mass (kg)Thrust:​weight ratio[f]Oxidiser:​fuel ratio
Aeon 1  USARelativity SpaceTerran 11stCH4 / LOXGas generator31086,740 (SL)[70]
Aeon 1 Vacuum  USARelativity SpaceTerran 12ndCH4 / LOXGas generator360100,085 (SL)[70]
Aestus  EuropeAirbus Defence and SpaceAriane 5 G, G+, ESUpperN2O4 / MMHPressure-fed324[71]30,0001111127.61.9
Aestus II  EuropeAirbus Defence and SpaceAriane 5UpperN2O4 / MMHGas generator340[72]55,4006013841.01.9
Aether  USAAstra SpaceRocket 3.32ndRP-1/LOX[73]Pressure-fed3,300[74]
AJ-60A  USAAerojetAtlas VBoosterHTPBSolid fuel2751,270,000[75]
AJ-260-2 USAAerojetS-I stage replacement (proposed)1stPBANSolid fuel26326,183,755831,345 with fuel
AR1  USAAerojet Rocketdyne1stRP-1 / LOXStaged, oxidizer-rich2,200,000 (SL)[76]2.72
Delphin  USAAstra SpaceRocket 3.31stRP-1/LOX[73]Electric pump29,000[74]31
F-1[g]  USARocketdyneSaturn V1stRP-1 / LOXGas generator304
263 (SL)
7,770,000
6,770,000 (SL)
708,39182.272.27
F-1A[h][77]  USARocketdyne1stRP-1 / LOXGas generator303
270 (SL)
8,989,000
8,007,000 (SL)
809,01590.62.27
Gamma 2  United KingdomBristol SiddeleyBlack Arrow2ndRP-1 / H2O2Staged, decomposition and combustion265[78]68,20017340.228
Gamma 8  United KingdomBristol SiddeleyBlack Arrow1stRP-1 / H2O2Staged, decomposition and combustion265[79]234,80047.4034270.018
HM-7A  EuropeSnecmaAriane 13rdLH2 / LOXGas generator443[80]
308 (SL)
61,7003014942.25
J-2  USARocketdyneSaturn V, IB2nd, 3rdLH2 / LOXGas generator421[81]
200 (SL)
1,033,100
486,200 (SL)
52.61,43873.185.5
J-2X  USAPratt & Whitney RocketdyneSLS (proposed)UpperLH2 / LOXGas generator448[82]1,310,000952,47058.415.5–4.5
Kestrel  USASpaceXFalcon 1UpperRP-1 / LOXPressure fed31731,0009.35265
LE-5  JapanMitsubishi, NASDAH-IUpperLH2 / LOXGas generator450[83]103,00036.024542.875.5
LE-5A  JapanMitsubishi, NASDAH-IIUpperLH2 / LOXExpander, open452[84]121,50040.024251.195
LE-7  JapanMitsubishi, NASDAH-II1stLH2 / LOXStaged combustion446[85]1,078,000
843,500 (SL)
1271,71464.135.9
M-1  USAAerojet1st, 2nd?LH2 / LOXGas generator428 (SL)6,670,0009,06860
Merlin 1D  USASpaceXFalcon 9 v1.11stRP-1 / LOXGas generator311[86]
282 (SL)[86]
723,000974701582.34
Merlin Vacuum 1C  USASpaceXFalcon 1, 92ndRP-1 / LOXGas generator336[87]413,644[87]92
NewtonThree  USAVirgin OrbitLauncherOneBoosterRP-1 / LOXGas generator[88]266,893[89]70
NewtonFour  USAVirgin OrbitLauncherOne2ndRP-1 / LOXGas generator[88]22,241[89]
P230  EuropeAvioAriane 5BoosterHTPBSolid fuel286[90]
259 (SL)
6,996,000
5,860,000 (SL)
69269,000 with fuel[90]
Polaris  United StatesExela Space IndustriesAims-1, Aims-41stPropane/LOXPressure-fed232,00025540.80.8-1
RD-0120
11Д122
 Soviet UnionKBKhAEnergia1stLH2 / LOXStaged, fuel-rich455[91]1,962,000
1,526,000 (SL)
2193,45057.80
RD-8,
11D513
 Soviet UnionPivdenne/​PivdenmashZenit2nd vernierRP-1 / LOXStaged, oxidizer-rich34278,45077.473562.4
RD-56 (KVD-1)
11Д56У
 RussiaKBKhMGSLV Mk IUpperLH2 / LOXStaged, fuel-rich462[92]69,62655.928225.17
RD-117
11Д511
 Soviet UnionNPO EnergomashSoyuz-U1stRP-1 / LOXGas generator316[93]
253 (SL)
978,000
778,648 (SL)
54.21,10072.18
RD-118
11Д512
 Soviet UnionNPO EnergomashSoyuz-U2ndRP-1 / LOXGas generator314[93]
257 (SL)
1,000,278
818,855 (SL)
59.71,10075.91
RD-170[i]11Д521[94]  Soviet UnionNPO EnergomashEnergia1stRP-1 / LOXStaged, oxidizer-rich337.2
309.5 (SL)
7,904,160
7,256,921 (SL)
2509,30079.57
RD-181  RussiaNPO EnergomashAntares 2001stRP-1 / LOXStaged, oxidizer-rich339.2[95]
311.9 (SL)
2,085,000
1,922,000 (SL)
262.62,20089
RD-264
11Д119
 Soviet UnionNPO EnergomashDnepr1stN2O4 / UDMHStaged, oxidizer-rich318[96]
293 (SL)
4,521,0002063,600128.15
RD-270[j]
8Д420
 Soviet UnionNPO EnergomashUR-700 (proposed), UR-900 (proposed)1stN2O4 / UDMHStaged, full-flow322[97]
301 (SL)
6,710,000
6,270,000 (SL)
2613,370189.91
RD-275
14Д14
 RussiaNPO EnergomashProton-M1stN2O4 / UDMHStaged, oxidizer-rich316[98]
287 (SL)
1,831,882
1,671,053 (SL)
160.01,070171.2
RD-854
8D612
 Soviet UnionPivdenne/​PivdenmashR-36ORB3rdN2O4 / UDMHGas generator
RD-855
8D68M
 Soviet UnionPivdenne/​PivdenmashTsyklon-2, -3, R-361st vernierN2O4 / UDMHGas generator328,00065.703201.97
RD-856
8D69M
 Soviet UnionPivdenne/​PivdenmashTsyklon-2, -3 (-4), R-362nd vernierN2O4 / UDMHGas generator54,23071.60112.51.98
RD-861
11D25
 Soviet UnionPivdenne/​PivdenmashTsyklon-2, -33rdN2O4 / UDMHGas generator78,71088.81232.1
RD-864
15D177
 Soviet UnionPivdenne/​PivdenmashR-36 (missile), Dnipro3rdN2O4 / UDMHGas generator298–3098,450–20,20017–411991.8
RD-869
15D300
 Soviet UnionPivdenne/​PivdenmashR-36M3rdN2O4 / UDMHGas generator302.3–3138,580–20,47017–411961.8
RS-27A  USARocketdyneDelta1stRP-1 / LOXGas generator302[99]
255 (SL)
1,054,200491,091102.52.245
Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster[k]  USAThiokolSpace Shuttle, Ares IBoosterPBAN / APCPSolid fuel26814,000,000
12,500,000 (SL)
590,000
with fuel
SRB-A  JapanIHI Aerospace, JAXAH-IIABoosterHTPBSolid fuel280[100]2,250,00076,400 with fuel
UA1207  USAUnited TechnologiesTitan IVBoosterPBANSolid fuel272[101]
245 (SL)
7,116,000
6,410,400 (SL)
319,330
with fuel
Viking 2  EuropeSnecmaAriane 11stN2O4 / UDMHGas generator690,000
611,200 (SL)
77690.67
Viking 2B  EuropeSnecmaAriane 2, 31stN2O4 / UH 25Gas generator643,000 (SL)77684.5
Viking 4  EuropeSnecmaAriane 12ndN2O4 / UDMHGas generator713,00082688
Viking 4B  EuropeSnecmaAriane 2, 3, 42ndN2O4 / UH 25Gas generator800,00082698.76
Viking 5C  EuropeSnecmaAriane 41stN2O4 / UH 25Gas generator758,000
678,000 (SL)
82693.57
Viking 6  EuropeSnecmaAriane 4BoosterN2O4 / UH 25Gas generator750,00082692.59
Vulcain
HM-60
 EuropeSnecmaAriane 51stLH2 / LOXGas generator439[102]
326 (SL)[103]
1,113,000[102]
773,200 (SL)[103]
109[102]1,300[103]84.38
Vulcain 2  EuropeSnecmaAriane 51stLH2 / LOXGas generator429[104]
318 (SL)[105]
1,359,000[104]
939,500 (SL)[105]
117.3[104]1,800[104]77.04
Waxwing  United KingdomBristol AerojetBlack ArrowUpperSolid fuel278[106]
245 (SL)
29,400
25,900 (SL)
8734.48

See also

Notes

References