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Commercial fusion

Commercial Fusion is a term used to refer to privately owned companies whose aim is to sell electricity produced by nuclear fusion. The industry now consists of over 40 companies who have attracted a combined total of more than $6 billion in investment.[1][2]

Commercial fusion companies

CompanyYear foundedMethodFuelNotes
Avalanche Energy2018Hybrid: colliding beam, electrostatic confinementdeuterium–tritium[3]
Blue Laser Fusion2022Inertial confinementproton–boron[4]
Commonwealth Fusion Systems2018Magnetic confinementdeuterium–tritium[5]
Compact Fusion Systems, Inc.2018[citation needed]
Crossfield Fusion Ltd2019Closed orbit, velocity resonant systemsReactor development canceled 2021.[6][7]
CTFusion Inc2015Ceased trading in 2023.[8]
Deutelio2022Magnetic confinementdeuterium–deuterium[7]
Electric Fusion Systems, Inc.2020Rydberg matter fuel-based fusionproton–lithium7[9]
EMC2 Fusion1985Polywell[10][11]
Energy Singularity Fusion Power Technology2021Magnetic confinementdeuterium–tritium[12]
ENN Energy2018Magnetic confinementproton–boron[13][5]
EX-Fusion2021Inertial confinementdeuterium–tritium[14]
First Light Fusion2011Inertial confinementdeuterium–tritium[15][16][7][17][5]
Focused Energy2021Inertial confinementdeuterium–tritium[18][7][17][19]
Fuse2019Magneto-inertialdeuterium–tritium[citation needed]
Fusion Power Corporation2016Heavy ion fusiondeuterium–tritiumDissolved in 2019.[20]
Gauss Fusion2022Magnetic confinementdeuterium–tritium[7]
General Atomics Fusion Division2022Magnetic confinementdeuterium–tritium[21]
General Fusion2002Magneto-inertialdeuterium–tritium[5]
HB11 Energy2017Non-thermal laser fusionproton–boron[22][23][24]
Helical Fusion2021Magnetic confinementdeuterium–tritium[14]
HelicitySpace Corporation2018Magneto-inertialdeuterium–deuteriumFor spaceflight uses[25]
Helion Energy2013Magneto-inertialdeuterium–helium3[26]
Horne Technologies2008Hybrid confinement: magnetic, electrostaticdeuterium–deuterium, proton–boron[27][better source needed]
HyperJet Fusion[5]
Kyoto Fusioneering2019deuterium–tritium[14][28]
LaserFusionX2022Inertial confinementdeuterium–tritium[19]
Lockheed Martin2010[29][5]
Longview Fusion Energy Systems2021Inertial confinementdeuterium–tritium[17][19]
LPP Fusion, Inc.[citation needed]2003Magnetic confinement pinchproton–boronAlso known as "Lawrenceville Plasma Physics"; see Eric J. Lerner article
Magneto Inertial Fusion Technology Inc. (MIFTI)2009Magneto-inertialdeuterium–tritiumDivision of US Nuclear Corp[30]
Marvel Fusion2019Inertial confinementproton–boron[7][19]
Norront Fusion Energy2017Muon-catalyzed fusion[31]
NT-Tao2019Magnetic confinementdeuterium–tritium[32]
NearStar Fusion2021Magneto-inertialdeuterium–tritium, deuterium–deuterium, proton–boron[33][34]
NK Labs, LLC2008Muon-catalyzed fusiondeuterium–tritium[35]
Novatron Fusion Group AB2019Magnetic confinementdeuterium–tritium[36][37][38]
Openstar Technologies2021Magnetic confinementdeuterium–deuterium (tritium suppressed)[citation needed]
Princeton Fusion Systems1992Magnetic confinementdeuterium–helium3[39][5]
Proxima Fusion2023Magnetic confinementdeuterium–tritium[7]
Realta Fusion2022Magnetic confinementdeuterium–tritium[40][41]
Renaissance Fusion2021Magnetic confinementdeuterium–tritium[7]
Stellarex, Inc2022Magnetic confinementdeuterium–tritium[28]
SHINE Technologies2005Magneto-electrostatic confinementdeuterium–tritiumSHINE's focus is radioisotope production, not energy.[42][43]
TAE Technologies1998Magnetic confinementproton–boronformerly Tri Alpha Energy[5]
Thea Energy (formerly Princeton Stellarators)2022Magnetic confinementdeuterium–tritium[28]
Tokamak Energy2009Magnetic confinementdeuterium–tritium[28]
Type One Energy Group2019Magnetic confinementdeuterium–tritium[41]
Ultrafusion Nuclear PowerMerged with Norront Fusion AS in 2018.[31]
Xcimer Energy Inc.2022Inertial confinementdeuterium–tritium[17]
Zap Energy2017Magnetic confinement pinchdeuterium–tritium[26]

First fusion electricity to the grid

Commercial fusion companies predict that fusion power is roughly 10 years away

For decades researchers have famously said that fusion power is always 30, or even 50, years away.[44][45] The advent of commercial fusion has changed that, and now fusion power is typically predicted to be around 10 years away, with most companies predicting that the first fusion plant will deliver electricity to the grid before 2035.[46] Although the majority of the companies have only existed for a few years, some have already failed to deliver on their predictions. General Fusion first predicted that it would deliver electricity to the grid by 2009.[47]

References

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