Combined English Universities (UK Parliament constituency)

Combined English Universities was a university constituency represented in the United Kingdom Parliament (from 1918 until 1950). It was formed by enfranchising and combining all the English universities, except for Cambridge, Oxford and London which were already separately represented. The constituency effectively represented the red brick universities and Durham University with two members of parliament.

Combined English Universities
Former University constituency
for the House of Commons
19181950
Seats2

Boundaries

This university constituency was created by the Representation of the People Act 1918 and abolished in 1950 by the Representation of the People Act 1948.

The original proposal of the Speaker's Conference, which considered electoral reform before the 1918 legislation was prepared, was to combine all the English and Welsh universities except for Oxford and Cambridge into a three-member constituency. However, during consideration of the legislation, it was agreed that London University alone should continue to return one member. The University of Wales was also given its own seat. The other universities, which were still to be combined, had their proposed representation reduced to two members.[1]

Combined English Universities was not a physical area. Its electorate consisted of the graduates of the universities included in the seat.

The universities represented by this constituency were Birmingham, Bristol, Durham, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Reading (from August 1928) and Sheffield.

The constituency returned two members of Parliament, elected at general elections by the single transferable vote method of proportional representation. However, the first past the post system was used in by-elections.

Members of Parliament

This is a list of people who were elected to represent these English universities in the Parliament of the United Kingdom between 1918 and 1950. The elections were not held on the polling dates for general elections in the territorial constituencies. The university constituency elections were held over five days, not on the ordinary polling date, so that plural voting graduates could vote in their place of residence and then visit their university to participate in its election.

  • Constituency created (1918)
ElectionFirst memberFirst partySecond memberSecond party
1918H. A. L. FisherCoalition LiberalSir Martin ConwayCoalition Conservative
1922National LiberalConservative
1923Liberal
1926 by-electionSir Alfred HopkinsonConservative
1929Eleanor RathboneIndependent
1931Sir Reginald CraddockConservative
1937 by-electionEdmund HarveyIndependent Progressive
1945Kenneth LindsayIndependent
1946 by-electionHenry StraussConservative
1950University constituencies abolished

Elections

There were six contested STV elections. The MPs in 1935 were returned unopposed. By-elections, to fill a single seat, used the first past the post or relative majority electoral system.

1910s1920s1930s1940s

Elections in the 1910s

General Election 1918: Combined English Universities (2 seats)
PartyCandidateFPv%Count
123
CLiberalH. A. L. Fisher48.09959  
CUnionistMartin Conway15.20303465777
LabourJohn A. Hobson18.36366454481
UnionistHerbert Williams18.36366410eliminated
Electorate: 2,357   Valid: 1,994   Quota: 665   Turnout: 84.60%
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.

Elections in the 1920s

General Election 1922: Combined English Universities (2 seats)
PartyCandidateFPv%Count
12345
UnionistMartin Conway32.89689821,093  
National LiberalH. A. L. Fisher27.78198218498831,009
IndependentJohn Strong19.4571575595611813
LabourLeonard Woolf12.2361361365366eliminated
Ind. UnionistWilfred Barnard Faraday4.8141206eliminated  
Ind. UnionistSidney C. Lawrence3.190eliminated   
Electorate: 3,967   Valid: 2,946   Quota: 983   Turnout: 74.3%  
General election 1923: Combined English Universities (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
UnionistMartin Conway 1,711 44.1 +11.3
LiberalH. A. L. Fisher 1,316 34.0 +5.3
LabourJoseph John Findlay85021.9+9.7
Total votes3,877
Quota1,293
Turnout5,00877.4+3.1
  • As two candidates achieved the quota only one count was necessary
General Election 1924: Combined English Universities (2 seats)
PartyCandidateFPv%Count
12
UnionistMartin Conway50.42,231 
LiberalH. A. L. Fisher30.11,3332,064
LabourJoseph John Findlay19.5861885
Electorate: 5,655   Valid: 4,425   Quota: 1,476   Turnout: 78.2%  
1926 Combined English Universities by-election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
UnionistAlfred Hopkinson 2,343 53.9 +3.5
LiberalRamsay Muir2,00046.1+16.0
Majority3437.8N/A
Turnout4,34366.7−11.5
Registered electors6,513
Unionist gain from LiberalSwing
Rathbone
Conway
General Election 1929: Combined English Universities (2 seats)
PartyCandidateFPv%Count
12
UnionistMartin Conway26.82,6794,321
IndependentEleanor Rathbone33.33,3313,394
LiberalRobert Seymour Conway22.32,2312,281
UnionistAmherst Selby-Bigge17.61,762eliminated
Electorate: 13,775   Valid: 10,003   Quota: 3,335   Turnout: 72.6%  

Elections in the 1930s

General Election 1931: Combined English Universities (2 seats)
PartyCandidateFPv%Count
1234
IndependentEleanor Rathbone37.25,096   
ConservativeReginald Craddock26.53,6333,6853,7544,858
National LabourWilliam Jowitt20.12,7593,0033,2073,632
ConservativeHerbert Williams12.81,7481,8191,922eliminated
New PartyHarold Nicolson3.4461623eliminated 
Electorate: 19,109   Valid: 13,697   Quota: 4,567   Turnout: 71.7%  
General election 1935: Combined English Universities (2 seats)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeReginald Craddock Unopposed N/A N/A
IndependentEleanor Rathbone Unopposed N/A N/A
1937 Combined English Universities by-election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Independent ProgressiveEdmund Harvey 6,596 47.4 New
ConservativeFrancis Oswald Lindley4,95235.6N/A
Independent LiberalHenry Britten Brackenbury2,37317.0New
Majority1,64411.8N/A
Turnout13,92148.3N/A
Registered electors28,808
Independent Progressive gain from ConservativeSwingN/A

Elections in the 1940s

General Election 1945: Combined English Universities (2 seats)
PartyCandidateFPv%Count
12345
Independent ProgressiveEleanor Rathbone53.311,176    
IndependentKenneth Lindsay9.21,9233,5033,8564,5285,826
Independent LabourStanley Wormald15.33,2123,9734,0814,4734,675
NationalEric Cuthbert Arden11.62,4333,0733,3893,829eliminated
IndependentJohn Henry Richardson5.31,1241,9952,341eliminated 
IndependentA.R. Foxall5.31,1051,437eliminated  
Electorate: 41,976   Valid: 20,973   Quota: 6,992   Turnout: 50.0%  
By-Election 13–18 March 1946: Combined English Universities
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeHenry Strauss 5,483 30.0 N/A
Independent ProgressiveMary Stocks5,12428.0-25.3
Independent LiberalErnest Simon4,02822.0New
Independent LabourStanley Wormald3,41418.7+3.4
British People'sGerard Stephen Oddie2391.3New
Majority3592.0N/A
Turnout18,28842.1−7.9
Registered electors43,438
Conservative gain from IndependentSwing

Notes

References

  • Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1972). Boundaries of Parliamentary Constituencies 1885–1972. Parliamentary Reference Publications.
  • Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–1949. Macmillan.
  • Pugh, Martin (1978). Electoral Reform in War and Peace 1906–18. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Stenton, M.; Lees, S., eds. (1979). Who's Who of British members of parliament: Volume III 1919–1945. The Harvester Press.
  • Stenton, M.; Lees, S., eds. (1981). Who's Who of British members of parliament, Volume IV 1945–1979. The Harvester Press.
  • Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "C" (part 5)