Cenarchaeum is a monotypic genus of archaeans in the family Cenarchaeaceae.[2] The marine archaean Cenarchaeum symbiosum is psychrophilic and is found inhabiting marine sponges.[3] Cenarchaeum symbiosum was initially detected as a major symbiotic microorganism living within (it is an endosymbiont of) the sponge Axinella mexicana.[3] It has been ubiquitously detected in the world oceans at lower abundances, while in some genera of marine sponges it is one of the most abundant microbiome members. Its genome sequence and diversity has been investigated in detail finding unique metabolic products and its role in ammonia-oxidizing activities.
| Cenarchaeum | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Archaea |
| Kingdom: | Proteoarchaeota |
| Superphylum: | TACK group |
| Phylum: | Thermoproteota |
| Class: | incertae sedis |
| Order: | Cenarchaeales |
| Family: | Cenarchaeaceae |
| Genus: | Cenarchaeum Preston, Wu, Molinski & De Long, 1996[1] |
| Species: | C. symbiosum |
| Binomial name | |
| Cenarchaeum symbiosum Preston, Wu, Molinski & De Long, 1996[1] | |
Genome
The genome of C. symbiosum is estimated to be 2.02 Million bp in length, with a predicted amount of 2011 genes.[4]
Ecology
Cenarchaeum symbiosum is a psychrophilic organism capable of surviving and proliferating at low temperatures usually ranging from 7-19 Celsius. C. symbiosum has a symbiotic relationship with certain varieties of sponge species, usually living in 10-20 meter depths, typically near California.
References
Further reading
- Amin, Shady A; Moffett, James W; Martens-Habbena, Willm; Jaquot, Jeremy E; Han, Yang; Devol, Allan; Ingalls, Anitra E; Stahl, David A; Armbrust, E Virginia (Nov 2013). "Copper requirements of the ammonia-oxidizing archaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1 and implications for nitrification in the marine environment". Limnology and Oceanography. 58 (6): 2037–2045. Bibcode:2013LimOc..58.2037A. doi:10.4319/lo.2013.58.6.2037. S2CID 86826960.
- García-Bonilla, E., Brandão, P. F. B., Pérez, T., Junca, H. (2018), "Stable and Enriched Cenarchaeum symbiosum and Uncultured Betaproteobacteria HF1 in the Microbiome of the Mediterranean Sponge Haliclona fulva (Demospongiae: Haplosclerida)", Microbial Ecology, 77, Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 25–36, doi:10.1007/s00248-018-1201-5, PMID 29766224
- Hallam, Steven J; Konstantinidis, Konstantinos T; Putnam, Nik; Schleper, Christa; Watanabe, Yoh-ichi; Sugahara, Junichi; Preston, Christina; de la Torre, Jose; Richardson, Paul M; DeLong, Edward (Nov 28, 2006). "Genomic analysis of the uncultivated marine crenarchaeote Cenarchaeum symbiosum". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (48): 18296–18301. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10318296H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0608549103. PMC 1643844. PMID 17114289.
- Qin, W., Zheng, Y., Zhao, F., Wang, Y., Urakawa, H., Martens-Habbena, W., Liu, H., Huang, X., Zhang, X., Nakagawa, T., Mende, D. R., Bollmann, A., Wang, B., Zhang, Y., Amin, S. A., Nielsen, J. L., Mori, K., Takahashi, R., Virginia Armbrust, E., Winkler, M.-K. H., DeLong, E. F., Li, M., Lee, P.-H., Zhou, J., Zhang, C., Zhang, T., Stahl, D. A., Ingalls, A. E. (2020), "Alternative strategies of nutrient acquisition and energy conservation map to the biogeography of marine ammonia-oxidizing archaea", The ISME Journal, 14 (10), Oxford University Press (OUP): 2595–2609, Bibcode:2020ISMEJ..14.2595Q, doi:10.1038/s41396-020-0710-7, PMID 32636492
- Schleper, Christa; Swanson, Ronald V.; Mathur, Eric J.; Delong, Edward F. (December 1997). "Characterization of a DNA polymerase from the uncultivated psychrophilic archaeon Cenarchaeum symbiosum". Journal of Bacteriology. 179 (24): 7803–7811. doi:10.1128/jb.179.24.7803-7811.1997. PMC 179745. PMID 9401041.
- Swan, Brandon K.; Martinez-Garcia, Manuel; Chaffin, Mark D.; Morrison, Hilary G.; Field, Erin K.; Poulton, Nicole J.; Masland, E. Dashiell P.; Harris, Christopher C.; Sczyrba, Alexander; Chain, Patrick S. G.; Koren, Sergey; Woyke, Tanja; Stepanauskas, Ramunas; et al. (April 17, 2014). "Genomic and Metabolic Diversity of Marine Group I Thaumarchaeota in the Mesopelagic of Two Subtropical Gyres". PLOS ONE. 9 (4): e95380. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...995380S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0095380. PMC 3990693. PMID 24743558.
- Alves, R. J. E., Minh, B. Q., Urich, T., Haeseler, A. von, Schleper, C. (2018), "Unifying the global phylogeny and environmental distribution of ammonia-oxidising archaea based on amoA genes", Nature Communications, 9, Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 1517, Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.1517A, doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03861-1, PMC 5904100, PMID 29666365