Astara, Iran

The earliest mention, under the name Astārāb, comes in the Ḥodūd al-ʿālam, written toward the end of the 10th century. In the 14th century, Astara became the seat of the small principality of the Esfahbad or Espahbad (-bod) of Gīlān. From the 16th to the 18th centuries, the Ṭālešī Khans of Āstārā were either autonomous or nominally subordinate to the governors of Gīlān or Ardabīl; on several occasions they played an important role in the history of the Caspian provinces.^[7] According to Minorsky, we do not know whether the later governors of Astara still continued the line of the Ispahbads. Even after the conquest of Northern Tālish by the Russians (1813) the family of the Tālish-khans retained certain rights.^[8]

Astara was part of the short lived Talysh Khanate in the 18th and 19th centuries, and for a short while it was the capital of the Khanate before it was moved to Lankaran.^[9] In 1828, with the signing of the Treaty of Turkmenchay, Astara was split into two. The city of Astara in Azerbaijan is located just across the Astarachay River.

Astara has various attractions and is considered a major tourist destination for Iranians and foreigners, especially those from the Caucasus. The city has a selection of beaches and is near to a Temperate rainforest. Annually over six million Iranians, and six hundred thousand foreigners visit the city.^[10] The most popular beaches in this city are Shariati park and Sadaf beach. Shariati beach park is located in the city, and Sadaf beach is 7 kilometers from Astara city^[11]

Astara is home to one of the first libraries established in the country.^[12]

Rice has been cultivated in this region for many years, where some indigenous cultivars (landrace) were conventionally bred by farmers.^[13]

Astara has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa, Trewartha: Cf), with relatively cold, wet winters and warm, humid summers. It has the most precipitation days than any other cities in Iran.^{[original research?]}

Linguistic composition of the city.^[16]

• Fereydun Ebrahimi – Procurator-General in Azerbaijan People's Government
• Ebrahim Nabavi – Iranian journalist
• Payan Rafat – football player
• Kamal Habibollahi – last Commander of the Imperial Iranian Navy
• Moein Piri – Musician and composer
• Mehran Samandari – Adult entertainer
• Babak Fathi - Mechanical Engineer & University professor

• Islamic Azad University of Astara

• Astara, Azerbaijan
• Astarachay
• Kazi Magomed–Astara–Abadan pipeline

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Astara, Iran.

• Astara^{[permanent dead link]} entry in the Encyclopædia Iranica
• Pazuki, Arman & Sohani, Mehdi (2013). "Phenotypic evaluation of scutellum-derived calluses in 'Indica' rice cultivars". Acta Agriculturae Slovenica. 101 (2): 239–247. doi:10.2478/acas-2013-0020.