Camp Ashraf 3 is the current headquarters of the People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran in Manëz, Durrës County, Albania.[1][2]The camp is located in an area between the Tirana and the coastal city of Durrës.[3]In 2013, after the closure of Camp Liberty, members of the Mojahedin organization were transferred to European countries, mostly to Albania for humanitarian purposes.[4][5]
Camp Ashraf 3 | |
|---|---|
People's Mujahedin of Iran Camp | |
 An aerial view of Ashraf-3 during a ceremony. | |
.svg)  Camp Ashraf 3 | |
| Coordinates: 41°25′47″N 19°34′34″E / 41.42961422872088°N 19.576240813335183°E |
History
In 2013, the Albanian authorities agreed to a request from the United States to accept approximately 3,000 members of the People’s Mujahedin Organization of Iran (MEK).[6][7][8] The camp was built 15 miles west of Tirana on 34 hectares of farmland.[9][10]
Albania did not grant refugee status to the residents of the camp. The United Nations provided a monthly stipend of 30,000 LEK that expired in 2018.[9] US Republican Senator John McCain said that "Given the history of the Iranian regime’s brutal crackdown on these residents," the MEK should be granted international protection under the 1951 Geneva Convention.[11]
On 13 July 2019, the "120 Years of Struggle for Freedom Iran" conference was held at the MEK camp in Albania. Former US Senator Joe Lieberman gave a speech at the conference.[12]
Since 2013, the People's Mojahedin has held meetings and invited people like former US Vice President Mike Pence, and former Secretary of State Mike Pompeo. [13][14] Rudy Giuliani said he had the "utmost respect for Albania, both the ruling party and the opposition who are in quite a political battle, agree on refugee [status] for these freedom fighters."[15] Mike Pence also voiced support saying it had been a great honour to attend a MEK ceremony at Ashraf 3.[16]
Albanian police have successfully prevented numerous planned attacks by Iranian agents on the camp. General Police Director Ardi Veliu announced that Albania's security institutions had uncovered an active cell of the Iranian Quds Force's foreign operations unit.[17]
Residents and daily life
Daily activities at the camp are centered around supporting the "internal resistance" movement led by dissidents in Iran. The camp has a press room where members gather information on alleged abuses by the Iranian regime, something they say is vital due to the media censorship taking place in Iran.[18] The camp includes a gym, a small cafeteria, a museum about the MEK’s history, and a recording studio for producing anti-regime songs and music videos for release on Iranian social media.[10][19]
In February 2020, Patrick Kingsley (NYT journalist) interviewed Somayeh Mohammadi at the camp.[10] The AP News reported in 2022 that 3000 members live in the Tirana camp of MEK,[20] which is guarded by Albanian security forces.[14]
Tehran correspondent Arron Merat said in 2018 that there are about 2,300 MEK members in the camp.[9] Merat says he interviewed "dozen defectors" who claim that MEK commanders used torture to control its members. An MEK spokesperson replied that "The individuals who are described as ‘former members’ were being used as part of a demonisation campaign against the MEK."[21][9]
Raid by Albanian police
On June 20, 2023, the Albanian police carried out a controversial raid on the camp, where at least one MEK member was killed.[22] Hundreds of police officers raided the compound where a private security team usually safeguards the civilian residents against the threat of terror attacks by Iranian agents.[23]
Images obtained by The Independent showed elderly men and women confronting lines of officers who sprayed them with multiple streams of chemical spray.[24][25][26]
Interior Minister Bledi Cuci told the media that the police were "enforcing a court order" to seize devices and equipment inside the compound because the Special Prosecution had "reasonable doubts” that MEK members were engaging in political activities, which is prohibited under the terms of their agreement to stay in Albania.[27][28][29][30][31]
Iran's Intelligence Ministry officially thanked Albanian authorities for the raid, saying "it will carry out operations abroad to chase down members of the opposition Mojahedin-e Khalq Organisation".[32][33]
In 2022, Albania suffered a cyber-attack that their government and multi-national technology companies blamed on the Iranian[34] Foreign Ministry. The attack was believed to be in retaliation for the MEK camp, the host of the Iranian opposition in exile, pushed the government to suspend diplomatic relations with Iran.The Iranian Foreign Ministry denied involvement and noted that Iran had suffered cyber-attacks from the MEK.[35]
The camp has faced scrutiny from Albanian media and opposition parties over the terms of the 2014 deal and the MEK's alleged activities on Albanian soil. Former head of Albanian military intelligence Ylli Zyla accused the MEK of violating Albanian law.[9]
Some media and analysts said the raid was tied to U.S.-Iran negotiations.[36][37][7][38]
Aftermath
The conflict between police and the MEK left one dead and 36 other camp residents injured.[39] Muhamet Rrumbullaku, commander of the national police said both MEK members and police officers were injured during the raid at the Ashraf 3 camp.[35][30] The NCRI claimed the raid was conducted at the "behest" of the Iranian government, occurring just days after a planned rally by the group was banned for the first time in Paris. French police cited the potential to "generate disturbances to public order" and the risk of terror attacks as reasons for the ban.[40] However, a week later, a Paris court overturned the ban, permitting members to gather at Place Vauban in the French capital.[41]