1987 Tour de France

The number of cyclists in one team was reduced from 10 to 9, to allow more teams in the race.^[1] The 1987 Tour started with 207 cyclists, divided into 23 teams.^[3] Of these, 62 were riding the Tour de France for the first time.^[4] The average age of riders in the race was 27.05 years,^[5] ranging from the 20-year-old Jean-Claude Colotti (RMO–Cycles Méral–Mavic) to the 36-year-old Gerrie Knetemann (PDM–Ultima–Concorde).^[6] The Caja Rural–Orbea cyclists had the youngest average age while the riders on Del Tongo had the oldest.^[7]

The teams entering the race were:^[3]

Shortly before the Tour, on 20 April 1987, the defending champion Greg LeMond was accidentally shot by his brother-in-law while hunting turkeys. He was unable to start the 1987 Tour, and because Bernard Hinault (second placed in 1986, and the only rider to seriously challenge LeMond in 1986) had retired, the Tour started without a clear favourite.

Only one previous winner started in the 1987 Tour: Laurent Fignon, winner in 1983 and 1984. Since then, Fignon had struggled with his form, but in the first months of 1987, Fignon had finally shown some good results. LeMond's place as leader of the Toshiba team was now taken by Jean-François Bernard. He had finished in twelfth place in the previous year as helper of LeMond and Hinault, so more was expected from him now. The Carrera team was led by Stephen Roche. For Roche, the months before the 1987 Tour had gone well, having won the 1987 Giro d'Italia. In the recent Tours, Pedro Delgado had shown improving results, and he had some talented helpers in his PDM team, so he was also considered a contender.^[8]

In 1985, it was announced that the 1987 Tour would start in West-Berlin, to celebrate the 750th anniversary of the city's founding.^[9] The 1987 Tour de France started on 1 July, and had one rest day, in Avignon.^[10] There were 25 stages (and a prologue), more than ever before.^[8] The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,642 m (8,668 ft) at the summit of the Col du Galibier mountain pass on stage 21.^[11][12]

Stage characteristics and winners^{[13][10][14][15]}

Stage	Date	Course	Distance	Type		Winner
P	1 July	West Berlin (West Germany)	6 km (3.7 mi)		Individual time trial	Jelle Nijdam (NED)
1	2 July	West Berlin (West Germany)	105 km (65 mi)		Plain stage	Nico Verhoeven (NED)
2	2 July	West Berlin (West Germany)	41 km (25 mi)		Team time trial	Carrera Jeans–Vagabond
3	4 July	Karlsruhe (West Germany) to Stuttgart (West Germany)	219 km (136 mi)		Plain stage	Acácio da Silva (POR)
4	5 July	Stuttgart (West Germany) to Pforzheim (West Germany)	79 km (49 mi)		Plain stage	Herman Frison (BEL)
5	5 July	Pforzheim (West Germany) to Strasbourg	112 km (70 mi)		Plain stage	Marc Sergeant (BEL)
6	6 July	Strasbourg to Épinal	169 km (105 mi)		Plain stage	Christophe Lavainne (FRA)
7	7 July	Épinal to Troyes	211 km (131 mi)		Plain stage	Manuel Jorge Domínguez (ESP)[16]
8	8 July	Troyes to Épinay-sous-Sénart	206 km (128 mi)		Plain stage	Jean-Paul van Poppel (NED)
9	9 July	Orléans to Renazé	260 km (160 mi)		Plain stage	Adri van der Poel (NED)
10	10 July	Saumur to Futuroscope	87 km (54 mi)		Individual time trial	Stephen Roche (IRE)
11	11 July	Poitiers to Chaumeil	206 km (128 mi)		Hilly stage	Martial Gayant (FRA)
12	12 July	Brive to Bordeaux	228 km (142 mi)		Plain stage	Davis Phinney (USA)
13	13 July	Bayonne to Pau	219 km (136 mi)		Stage with mountain(s)	Erik Breukink (NED)
14	14 July	Pau to Luz Ardiden	166 km (103 mi)		Stage with mountain(s)	Dag Otto Lauritzen (NOR)
15	15 July	Tarbes to Blagnac	164 km (102 mi)		Plain stage	Rolf Gölz (FRG)
16	16 July	Blagnac to Millau	216 km (134 mi)		Hilly stage	Régis Clère (FRA)
17	17 July	Millau to Avignon	239 km (149 mi)		Hilly stage	Jean-Paul van Poppel (NED)
	18 July	Avignon			Rest day
18	19 July	Carpentras to Mont Ventoux	37 km (23 mi)		Mountain time trial	Jean-François Bernard (FRA)
19	20 July	Valréas to Villard-de-Lans	185 km (115 mi)		Stage with mountain(s)	Pedro Delgado (ESP)
20	21 July	Villard-de-Lans to Alpe d'Huez	201 km (125 mi)		Stage with mountain(s)	Federico Echave (ESP)
21	22 July	Le Bourg-d'Oisans to La Plagne	185 km (115 mi)		Stage with mountain(s)	Laurent Fignon (FRA)
22	23 July	La Plagne to Morzine	186 km (116 mi)		Stage with mountain(s)	Eduardo Chozas (ESP)
23	24 July	Saint-Julien-en-Genevois to Dijon	225 km (140 mi)		Plain stage	Régis Clère (FRA)
24	25 July	Dijon	38 km (24 mi)		Individual time trial	Jean-François Bernard (FRA)
25	26 July	Créteil to Paris (Champs-Élysées)	192 km (119 mi)		Plain stage	Jeff Pierce (USA)
	Total		4,231 km (2,629 mi)[17]

The prologue was won by specialist Jelle Nijdam, and none of the favourites lost much time.^[8] The second place in the prologue was for Polish cyclist Lech Piasecki, and when he was part of a break-away in the first stage that won a few seconds, he became the new leader in the general classification, the first time that an Eastern-European cyclist lead the Tour de France.^[2][1] Piasecki kept his lead in the team time trial of stage 2, but lost it in the third stage when a break-away gained several minutes. Erich Maechler became the new leader.Maechler kept the lead for several stages. After stage nine, Maechler was still leading. The mass-start stages were dominated by break-aways of cyclists who were not considered relevant for the final victory; sixth-placed Charly Mottet was the only cyclist in the top 15 who had real chances of finishing high.^[8]

The tenth stage was an individual time trial, and the first real test for the favourites. It was won by Stephen Roche, with Mottet in second place; Mottet became the new leader of the general classification.^[8] After a successful escape in the eleventh stage, Martial Gayant became the new leader. The twelfth stage ended in a bunch sprint that did not change the general classification. The Tour arrived in the Pyrenees in the thirteenth stage. Non-climbers, such as Gayant lost more than fifteen minutes, and so the non-climbers were removed from the top positions of the general classification; the new top three was Mottet – Bernard – Roche, all serious contenders for the final victory.^[8]

The eighteenth stage was an individual time trial, with a finish on the Mont Ventoux. It was won with a great margin by Jean-François Bernard, who became the new leader of the general classification, and the new hope of the French cycling fans. Bernard was a good climber and a good time-trialist, and had the support of a good team, so he could be able to stay leader until the end of the race.^[8] But already in the next stage, Bernard lost considerable time. He had a flat tire just before the top of a climb, and lost contact with the other riders while he had to wait for repairs, and had to spend energy to get back. His rivals Mottet and Roche had made a plan to attack in the feed zone, where cyclists could get their lunch. Mottet and Roche had packed extra food at the start of the stage, and attacked while Bernard was at the back of the peloton. Bernard chased them, but was not able to get back to them, and lost four minutes in that stage, which made Roche the new leader, closely followed by Mottet and Delgado.^[8]

In the twentieth stage, the riders went through the Alps, to finish on the Alpe d'Huez. Roche finished in fifteenth place, and lost the lead to Delgado.^[8] The pivotal stage was stage 21. In the first part of this stage, the Colombian cyclists of the "Café de Colombia" team (including Luis Herrera and Fabio Parra, fifth and sixth in the general classification) kept a high pace, and many cyclists were dropped. Roche, Delgado and Mottet decided to work together to get rid of the Colombian cyclists on the descent of the Galibier, out of fear that Herrera and Parra would leave them behind in the next climbs. Their plan worked, but Delgado's teammates were also dropped. Roche saw this opportunity and escaped, climbing the Madeleine in a small breakaway group.^[18]Somewhat later, Delgado's teammates got back to Delgado, and together they chased Roche, and caught him just before the climb of La Plagne. Roche then anticipated that Delgado would keep attacking on the climb. Knowing Delgado was the better climber, Roche decided he would not follow Delgado's attack. Instead, he let Delgado get away until the margin was one minute, giving Delgado the impression that he could safely save energy for the next stages, and at the last part of the stage gave it everything he had to reduce the margin. Roche followed that tactic, and confused not only Delgado, but also the commentators and the Tour organisation. Roche finished a few seconds behind Delgado, and after the finish he collapsed and was given an oxygen mask in an ambulance.^[18]

Roche was only 39 seconds behind Delgado in the general classification. Roche could still win the Tour, but it depended on if he could recover in time for the 22nd stage. That stage included the last serious climb of the Tour, so Delgado had his final opportunity to gain time on Roche, and he attacked. However, Roche was able to come back to Delgado twice. Then, Roche attacked, and Delgado could not keep up. Roche won back 18 seconds on Delgado, so he had reduced his margin to 21 seconds.^[1] Being a talented time-trialist, he knew that he could easily make up for it on the penultimate stage (an individual time trial at Dijon). Indeed, Roche won almost a minute on Delgado, and this was enough to secure the overall win. This time trial was won by Jean-François Bernard finished the Tour in third place after losing four minutes after the flat tire in the nineteenth stage.^[8]

Bontempi was originally declared winner of the 7th stage, but a few days later, his doping test came back positive for testosterone. Bontempi was set back to the last place of the stage, was penalised with 10 minutes in the general classification, and received a provisional suspension of one month.^[19]

One day later, it became public that Dietrich Thurau had tested positive after the eighth stage. At that point, Thurau had already left the race. He was set back to the last place of that stage, and also received a provisional suspension of one month.^[20]

The third rider to test positive was Silvano Contini, after the thirteenth stage. He received the same penalty.^[21]

There were several classifications in the 1987 Tour de France, six of them awarding jerseys to their leaders.^[22] The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.^[23]

Additionally, there was a points classification, where cyclists were given points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.^[24]

There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorised some climbs as either hors catégorie, first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and wore a white jersey with red polka dots.^[25]

There was also a combination classification. This classification was calculated as a combination of the other classifications, its leader wore the combination jersey.^[26]

Another classification was the intermediate sprints classification. This classification had similar rules as the points classification, but only points were awarded on intermediate sprints. Its leader wore a red jersey.^[27]

The sixth individual classification was the young rider classification. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only riders under 26 years were eligible, and the leader wore a white jersey. In 1987 the race organisers changed the rules for the young rider classification; from 1983 to 1986, this classification had been as a "debutant classification", open for cyclist that rode the Tour for the first time. In 1987, the organisers decided that the classification should be open to all cyclists less than 25 years of age at 1 January of the year.^[26]

For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time. The riders in the team that led this classification were identified by yellow caps.^[27] There was also a team points classification. Cyclists received points according to their finishing position on each stage, with the first rider receiving one point. The first three finishers of each team had their points combined, and the team with the fewest points led the classification. The riders of the team leading this classification wore green caps.^[27]

In addition, there was a combativity award, in which a jury composed of journalists gave points after each mass-start stage to the cyclist they considered most combative. The split stages each had a combined winner.^[28] At the conclusion of the Tour, Régis Clère won the overall super-combativity award, also decided by journalists.^[29] The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Galibier on stage 21. This prize was won by Pedro Muñoz Machín Rodríguez.^[30][11]

Classification leadership table^[31][32][33]

Stage	Stage winner	General classification	Points classification	Mountains classification	Young rider classification	Combination classification	Intermediate sprints classification	Team classifications		Combativity award
								By time	By points
P	Jelle Nijdam	Jelle Nijdam	Jelle Nijdam	no award	Jelle Nijdam	Lech Piasecki	Jean-Claude Colotti	Carrera Jeans–Vagabond	Carrera Jeans–Vagabond	no award
1	Nico Verhoeven	Lech Piasecki	Lech Piasecki	Gilbert Duclos-Lassalle		Gilbert Duclos-Lassalle		Roland–Skala	Roland–Skala	Giovanni Bottoia
2	Carrera Jeans–Vagabond				Erik Breukink	Dietrich Thurau	Guido Bontempi	Carrera Jeans–Vagabond		no award
3	Acácio da Silva	Erich Maechler	Dietrich Thurau	Frédéric Brun	Bruno Cornillet		Jean-Claude Colotti	Système U		Frédéric Brun
4	Herman Frison									Herman Frison
5	Marc Sergeant		Jörg Müller			Christophe Lavainne				Yvon Madiot
6	Christophe Lavainne		Bruno Wojtinek	Hendrik Devos	Christophe Lavainne					Jean-Claude Bagot
7	Manuel Jorge Domínguez		Jean-Paul van Poppel	Raúl Alcalá						Régis Clère
8	Jean-Paul van Poppel									Julio César Cadena
9	Adri van der Poel									Adri van der Poel
10	Stephen Roche	Charly Mottet			Bruno Cornillet					no award
11	Martial Gayant	Martial Gayant							PDM–Ultima–Concorde	Jan Nevens
12	Davis Phinney					Jean-François Bernard				Phil Anderson
13	Erik Breukink	Charly Mottet			Erik Breukink				Panasonic–Isostar	Robert Forest
14	Dag Otto Lauritzen			Luis Herrera	Raúl Alcalá				7-Eleven	Thierry Claveyrolat
15	Rolf Gölz						Gilbert Duclos-Lassalle		PDM–Ultima–Concorde	Roland Le Clerc
16	Régis Clère			Raúl Alcalá					7-Eleven	Régis Clère
17	Jean-Paul van Poppel			Luis Herrera					PDM–Ultima–Concorde	Bernard Vallet
18	Jean-François Bernard	Jean-François Bernard							7-Eleven	no award
19	Pedro Delgado	Stephen Roche							PDM–Ultima–Concorde	Stephen Roche
20	Federico Echave	Pedro Delgado							7-Eleven	Federico Echave
21	Laurent Fignon									Anselmo Fuerte
22	Eduardo Chozas		Stephen Roche						Système U	Eduardo Chozas
23	Régis Clère		Jean-Paul van Poppel							Marc Gomez
24	Jean-François Bernard	Stephen Roche	Stephen Roche							no award
25	Jeff Pierce		Jean-Paul van Poppel							no award
Final		Stephen Roche	Jean-Paul van Poppel	Luis Herrera	Raúl Alcalá	Jean-François Bernard	Gilbert Duclos-Lassalle	Système U	Système U	Régis Clère

• In stage 19, Stephen Roche wore the combination jersey.

After the Giro-Tour double victory, Roche would complete the Triple Crown of Cycling by winning the 1987 road race world championship.^[8]

Jeff Pierce winning the final stage on the Champs-Élysées is thought to have impressed the presence of United States cycling in the European circuit.^[38] Cycling News's Pat Malach wrote that Pierce's win was his defining win for the remainder of his career.^[38]

• Augendre, Jacques (2016). Guide historique [Historical guide] (PDF) (in French). Paris: Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
• L'Équipe; Leblanc, Jean-Marie; Armstrong, Lance (2003). The Official Tour de France Centennial 1903–2003. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-84358-0.
• Martin, Pierre (1987). Tour 87: The Stories of the 1987 Tour of Italy and Tour de France. With contributions from: Penazzo, Sergio; Baratino, Dante; Schamps, Daniel; Vos, Cor. Keighley, UK: Kennedy Brothers Publishing. OCLC 810684532.
• McGann, Bill; McGann, Carol (2008). The Story of the Tour de France: 1965–2007. Vol. 2. Indianapolis: Dog Ear Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59858-608-4.
• Nauright, John; Parrish, Charles (2012). Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-300-2.
• van den Akker, Pieter (2018). Tour de France Rules and Statistics: 1903–2018. Self-published. ISBN 978-1-79398-080-9.

• Connor, Jeff (2011). Wide-Eyed and Legless: Inside the Tour de France. Mainstream Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84596-801-4.
• Connor, Jeff (2012). Field of Fire: The Tour de France of '87 and the Rise and Fall of ANC–Halfords. Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78057-278-9.

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