From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Overview of the events of 1885 in science
The year 1885 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy Biology Chemistry Earth sciences Medicine Meteorology Physics Psychology Hermann Ebbinghaus publishes Über das Gedächtnis ("On Memory", later translated as Memory: a Contribution to Experimental Psychology ).Technology March 24 – George H. Pegram is granted a United States patent for the Pegram truss .[8] April 3 – Gottlieb Daimler is granted a German patent for his single-cylinder water-cooled engine design. August 29 – Gottlieb Daimler is granted a German patent for the Daimler Reitwagen , regarded as the first motorcycle , which he has produced with Wilhelm Maybach .[9] [10] [11] September 30 – Tolbert Lanston makes his first application for a United States patent on a typesetting system which includes the basic Monotype System keyboard. Autumn – Karl Benz produces the Benz Patent-Motorwagen , regarded as the first automobile (patented and publicly launched the following January).[12] John Kemp Starley demonstrates the Rover safety bicycle , regarded as the first practical modern bicycle.[13] The first, not yet practical, form of gyrocompass is patented by Marinus Gerardus van den Bos.[14] Rufus Eastman patents the first known electric food mixer .[15] [16] [17] Completion of the Home Insurance Building in Chicago , designed by William Le Baron Jenney . With ten floors and a fireproof weight-bearing metal frame, it is regarded as the first skyscraper .[18] Completion of Sway Tower in Hampshire , England , designed by Andrew Peterson using concrete made with Portland cement . It remains the world's tallest non-reinforced concrete structure.[19] [20] The Nipkow disk is patented by German scientist Paul Gottlieb Nipkow . Institutions Awards Births January 24 – Marjory Stephenson (died 1948 ), English biochemist January 26 – Harry Ricardo (died 1974 ), English mechanical engineer March 23 – John Fraser (died 1947 ), Scottish surgeon June 2 – Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt (died 1964 ), German neuropathologist August 1 – George de Hevesy (died 1966 ), Hungarian Nobel laureate in chemistry September 8 – Douglas Guthrie (died 1975 ), Scottish otolaryngologist and medical historian September 16 – Karen Horney (died 1952 ), German-born psychoanalyst October 7 – Niels Bohr (died 1962 ), Danish physicist October 23 – Jan Czochralski (died 1953 ), Polish discoverer of the Czochralski process for growing crystals October 26 – Niels Erik Nørlund (died 1981 ), Danish mathematician November 7 – Sabina Spielrein (died 1942 ), Russian psychoanalyst November 9 – Hermann Weyl (died 1955 ), German mathematician December 2 – George Minot (died 1950 ), American Nobel laureate in physiology Deaths February 1 – Sidney Gilchrist Thomas (born 1850 ), British inventor February 8 – Nikolai Severtzov (born 1827 ), Russian explorer and naturalist March 14 – Friedrich Theodor von Frerichs (born 1819 ), German medical pathologist June 12 – Fleeming Jenkin (born 1833 ), English engineer September 6 – Narcís Monturiol (born 1819), Catalan intellectual, artist and engineer, inventor of an early submarine September 15 – Jumbo (born 1861 ), African elephant, killed in railroad accident November 26 – Thomas Andrews (born 1813 ), Irish chemist References