Ĝ

Ĝ or ĝ (G circumflex) is a consonant in Esperanto orthography, representing a voiced postalveolar affricate (either palato-alveolar or retroflex), and is equivalent to a voiced postalveolar affricate /dʒ/ or a voiced retroflex affricate /dʐ/.

G with circumflex
Ĝ ĝ
Gx gx, Gh gh
Usage
Writing system	Latin
Type	alphabetic
Language of origin	Esperanto, Aleut language, Khinalug language, Toba Qom language
Sound values	[dʒ] [dʐ] [ɖʐ] [g] [ŋ] [ʁ] [gː]
In Unicode	U+011C, U+011D
History
Development	(speculated origin) Γ γ 𐌂 C c G g Ĝ ĝ
Transliterations	Г̑ г̑, Ӷ ӷ, Гг гг
Variations	Gx gx, Gh gh
Other
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

While Esperanto orthography uses a diacritic for its four postalveolar consonants, as do the Latin-based Slavic alphabets, the base letters are Romano-Germanic. Ĝ is based on the letter g, which has this sound in English and Italian before the vowels i and e (with some exceptions in English), to better preserve the shape of borrowings from those languages (such as ĝenerala from general) than Slavic đ (Serbo-Croatian) or dž would.^[1]

Ĝ is the ninth letter in Esperanto orthography. Although it is written as gx and gh respectively in the x-system and h-system workarounds, it is normally written as G with a circumflex: ĝ.