Wikipedista:Vachovec1/Pískoviště9

Nobelova cena za literaturu je jednou z pěti Nobelových cen, udělovanou, dle Nobelovy závěti „za nejvýznačnější literární dílo v ideálním směru“. Jediným Čechem, jemuž byla Nobelova cena za literaturu udělena, je Jaroslav Seifert.

Rok	Portrét	Laureát	Země	Jazyk(y)	Citace	Žánr(y)
1901		Sully Prudhomme	Francie Francie	francouzština	"in special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect"[1]	poezie, eseje
1902		Theodor Mommsen	Německá říše Německá říše	němčina	"the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, A dějiny of Rome"[2]	dějiny, právo
1903		Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson	Norsko Norsko	norština	"as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poezie, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit"[3]	poezie, romány, dramata
1904		Frédéric Mistral	Francie Francie	provensálština	"in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a Provençal philologist"[4]	poezie, filologie
		José Echegaray	Španělsko Španělsko	španělština	"in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish dramata"[4]	dramata
1905		Henryk Sienkiewicz	Polsko Polsko	polština	"because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer"[5]	romány
1906		Giosuè Carducci	Italské království Italské království	italština	"not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces"[6]	poezie
1907		Rudyard Kipling	Spojené království Spojené království	angličtina	"s ohledem na pozorovací talent, originální představivost jakož i mužnou sílu idejí a pozoruhodný talent pro vyprávění, které charakterizují díla tohoto světoznámého autora"[7]	romány, povídky, poezie
1908		Rudolf Christoph Eucken	Německá říše Německá říše	němčina	"in recognition of his earnest search for truth, his penetrating power of thought, his wide range of vision, and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic filosofie of life"[8]	filosofie
1909		Selma Lagerlöfová	Švédsko Švédsko	švédština	"in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings"[9]	romány, povídky
1910		Paul von Heyse	Německá říše Německá říše	němčina	"as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatatist, rományist and writer of world-renowned short stories"[10]	poezie, dramata, romány, povídky
1911		Maurice Maeterlinck	Belgie Belgie	francouzština	"in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations"[11]	dramata, poezie, eseje
1912		Gerhart Hauptmann	Německá říše Německá říše	němčina	"primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatatic art"[12]	dramata, romány
1913		Rabíndranáth Thákur	Indie Indie	bengálština a angličtina	"because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West"[13]	poezie, romány, dramata, povídky, music, eseje, filosofie, literární kritika, překlady
1914	neuděleno
1915		Romain Rolland	Francie Francie	francouzština	"as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings"[14]	romány
1916		Verner von Heidenstam	Švédsko Švédsko	švédština	"in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature"[15]	poezie, romány
1917		Karl Adolph Gjellerup	Dánsko Dánsko	dánština	"for his varied and rich poezie, which is inspired by lofty ideals"[16]	poezie
		Henrik Pontoppidan	Dánsko Dánsko	dánština	"for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Dánsko"[16]	romány
1918	neuděleno
1919		Carl Spitteler	Švýcarsko Švýcarsko	němčina	"in special appreciation of his epic, Olympian Spring"[17]	poezie
1920		Knut Hamsun	Norsko Norsko	norština	"for his monumental work, Growth of the Soil"[18]	romány
1921		Anatole France	Francie Francie	francouzština	"in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic temperament"[19]	romány, poezie
1922		Jacinto Benavente	Španělsko Španělsko	španělština	"for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish dramata"[20]	dramata
1923		William Butler Yeats	Irsko Irsko	angličtina	"for his always inspired poezie, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation"[21]	poezie
1924		Władysław Reymont	Polsko Polsko	polština	"for his great national epic, The Peasants"[22]	romány
1925		George Bernard Shaw	Irsko Irsko[23]	angličtina	"for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty"[24]	dramata, literární kritika
1926		Grazia Deleddaová	Italské království Italské království	italština	"for her idealistically inspired writings, which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general"[25]	poezie, romány
1927		Henri Bergson	Francie Francie	francouzština	"in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented"[26]	filosofie
1928		Sigrid Undsetová	Norsko Norsko (narozena v Dánsku)	norština	"principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages"[27]	romány
1929		Thomas Mann	Německá říše Německá říše	němčina	"principally for his great romány, Buddenbrooks, which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature"[28]	romány, povídky, eseje
1930		Sinclair Lewis	Spojené státy americké Spojené státy americké	angličtina	"for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters"[29]	romány, povídky, dramata
1931		Erik Axel Karlfeldt	Švédsko Švédsko	švédština	"The poezie of Erik Axel Karlfeldt"[30]	poezie
1932		John Galsworthy	Spojené království Spojené království	angličtina	"for his distinguished art of narration, which takes its highest form in The Forsyte Saga"[31]	romány
1933		Ivan Bunin	Francie Francie (narozen v Ruském impériu)	ruština	"for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing"[32]	povídky, poezie, romány
1934		Luigi Pirandello	Itálie Itálie	italština	"for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatatic and scenic art"[33]	dramata, romány, povídky
1935	neuděleno
1936		Eugene O'Neill	Spojené státy americké Spojené státy americké	angličtina	"for the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatatic works, which embody an original concept of tragedy"[34]	dramata
1937		Roger Martin du Gard	Francie Francie	francouzština	"for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his romány cycle Les Thibault"[35]	romány
1938		Pearl S. Bucková	Spojené státy americké Spojené státy americké	angličtina	"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces"[36]	romány, životopisy
1939		Frans Eemil Sillanpää	Finsko Finsko	finština	"for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature"[37]	romány
1940	neuděleno
1941	neuděleno
1942	neuděleno
1943	neuděleno
1944		Johannes Vilhelm Jensen	Dánsko Dánsko	dánština	"for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold, freshly creative style"[38]	romány, povídky
1945		Gabriela Mistralová	Chile Chile	španělština	"for her lyric poezie, which inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world"[39]	poezie
1946		Hermann Hesse	Švýcarsko Švýcarsko (narozen v Německém císařství)	němčina	"for his inspired writings, which while growing in boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style"[40]	romány, poezie
1947		André Gide	Francie Francie	francouzština	"for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight"[41]	romány, eseje
1948		T. S. Eliot	Spojené království Spojené království (narozen v USA)	angličtina	"for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poezie"[42]	poezie
1949		William Faulkner	Spojené státy americké Spojené státy americké	angličtina	"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American romány"[43]	romány, povídky
1950		Bertrand Russell	Spojené království Spojené království	angličtina	"in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought"[44]	filosofie
1951		Pär Lagerkvist	Švédsko Švédsko	švédština	"for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poezie to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind"[45]	poezie, romány, povídky, dramata
1952		François Mauriac	Francie Francie	francouzština	"for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his románys penetrated the dramata of human life"[46]	romány, povídky
1953		Winston Churchill	Spojené království Spojené království	angličtina	"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values"[47]	dějiny, eseje, paměti
1954		Ernest Hemingway	Spojené státy americké Spojené státy americké	angličtina	"for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style"[48]	romány, povídky, scénáře
1955		Halldór Laxness	Island Island	islandština	"for his vivid epic power, which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland"[49]	romány, povídky, dramata, poezie
1956		Juan Ramón Jiménez	Španělský stát Španělský stát	španělština	"for his lyrical poezie, which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity"[50]	poezie
1957		Albert Camus	Francie Francie (narozen ve Francouzském Alžírsku)	francouzština	"for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times"[51]	romány, povídky, dramata, filosofie, eseje
1958		Boris Pasternak	Sovětský svaz Sovětský svaz	ruština	"for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poezie and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition"[52]	romány, poezie, překlady
1959		Salvatore Quasimodo	Itálie Itálie	italština	"for his lyrical poezie, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times"[53]	poezie
1960		Saint-John Perse	Francie Francie (narozen na Guadeloupe)	francouzština	"for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poezie, which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time"[54]	poezie
1961		Ivo Andrić	Jugoslávie Jugoslávie (narozen v Rakousku-Uhersku)	Serbo-Croatian	"for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the dějiny of his country"[55]	romány, povídky
1962		John Steinbeck	Spojené státy americké Spojené státy americké	angličtina	"for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception"[56]	romány, povídky, scénáře
1963		Giorgos Seferis	Řecko Řecko (narozen v Osmanské říši)	řečtina	"for his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture"[57]	poezie, eseje, paměti
1964		Jean-Paul Sartre	Francie Francie	francouzština	"for his work, which rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth, has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age"[58]	romány, povídky, filosofie, dramata, literární kritika, scénáře
1965		Michail Šolochov	Sovětský svaz Sovětský svaz	ruština	"for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people"[59]	romány
1966		Šmu'el Josef Agnon	Izrael Izrael (narozen v Rakousku-Uhersku)	hebrejština	"for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people"[60]	romány, povídky
		Nelly Sachsová	Švédsko Švédsko (narozena v Německém císařství)	němčina	"for her outstanding lyrical and dramatatic writing, which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength"[60]	poezie, dramata
1967		Miguel Ángel Asturias	Guatemala Guatemala	španělština	"for his vivid literary achievement, deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America"[61]	romány, poezie
1968		Yasunari Kawabata	Japonsko Japonsko	japonština	"for his narrative mastery, which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind"[62]	romány, povídky
1969		Samuel Beckett	Irsko Irsko	angličtina and francouzština	"for his writing, which - in new forms for the romány and dramata - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation"[63]	romány, dramata, poezie
1970		Alexandr Solženicyn	Sovětský svaz Sovětský svaz	ruština	"for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature"[64]	romány
1971		Pablo Neruda	Chile Chile	španělština	"for a poezie that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams"[65]	poezie
1972		Heinrich Böll	Západní Německo Západní Německo	němčina	"for his writing, which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature"[66]	romány, povídky
1973		Patrick White	Austrálie Austrálie (narozen ve Spojeném království)	angličtina	"for an epic and psychological narrative art, which has introduced a new continent into literature"[67]	romány, povídky, dramata
1974		Eyvind Johnson	Švédsko Švédsko	švédština	"for a narrative art, farseeing in lands and ages, in the service of freedom"[68]	romány
		Harry Martinson	Švédsko Švédsko	švédština	"for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos"[68]	poezie, romány, dramata
1975		Eugenio Montale	Itálie Itálie	italština	"for his distinctive poezie, which, with great artistic sensitivity, has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions"[69]	poezie
1976		Saul Bellow	Spojené státy americké Spojené státy americké (narozen v Kanadě)	angličtina	"for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work"[70]	romány, povídky
1977		Vicente Aleixandre	Španělsko Španělsko	španělština	"for a creative poetic writing, which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poezie between the wars"[71]	poezie
1978		Isaac Bashevis Singer	Spojené státy americké Spojené státy americké Polsko Polsko	jidiš	"for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life"[72]	romány, povídky, paměti
1979		Odysseas Elytis	Řecko Řecko	řečtina	"for his poezie, which, against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness"[73]	poezie, eseje
1980	Soubor:Czesprávo Milosz 3 ap.tif	Czesław Miłosz	Polsko Polsko	polština	"who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts"[74]	poezie, eseje
1981		Elias Canetti	Spojené království Spojené království (narozen v Bulharském knížectví)	němčina	"for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power"[75]	romány, dramata, paměti, eseje
1982		Gabriel García Márquez	Kolumbie Kolumbie	španělština	"for his románys and short stories, in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a continent's life and conflicts"[76]	romány, povídky, scénáře
1983		William Golding	Spojené království Spojené království	angličtina	"for his románys, which with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world of today"[77]	romány, poezie, dramata
1984		Jaroslav Seifert	Československo Československo (narozen v Rakousku-Uhersku)	čeština	"for his poezie, which endowed with freshness, and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man"[78]	poezie
1985		Claude Simon	Francie Francie (narozen ve Francouzském Madagaskaru)	francouzština	"who in his romány combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition"[79]	romány
1986		Wole Soyinka	Nigérie Nigérie	angličtina	"who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the dramata of existence"[80]	dramata, romány, poezie
1987		Joseph Brodsky	Spojené státy americké Spojené státy americké (narozen v SSSR)	ruština and angličtina	"for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity"[81]	poezie, eseje
1988		Naguib Mahfouz	Egypt Egypt	arabština	"who, through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic, now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind"[82]	romány, povídky
1989		Camilo José Cela	Španělsko Španělsko	španělština	"for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability"[83]	romány, povídky
1990		Octavio Paz	Mexiko Mexiko	španělština	"for impassioned writing with wide horizons, characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity"[84]	poezie, eseje
1991		Nadine Gordimerová	Jižní Afrika Jižní Afrika	angličtina	"who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity"[85]	romány, povídky, eseje
1992		Derek Walcott	Svatá Lucie Svatá Lucie	angličtina	"for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural commitment"[86]	poezie, dramata
1993		Toni Morrisonová	Spojené státy americké Spojené státy americké	angličtina	"who in románys characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality"[87]	romány
1994		Kenzaburó Óe	Japonsko Japonsko	japonština	"who with poetic force creates an imagined world, where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today"[88]	romány, povídky
1995		Seamus Heaney	Irsko Irsko (narozen v Severním Irsku)	angličtina	"for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth, which exalt everyday miracles and the living past"[89]	poezie
1996		Wisława Szymborská	Polsko Polsko	polština	"for poezie that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality"[90]	poezie
1997		Dario Fo	Itálie Itálie	italština	"who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden"[91]	dramata
1998		José Saramago	Portugalsko Portugalsko	portugalština	"who with parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality"[92]	romány, dramata, poezie
1999		Günter Grass	Německo Německo	němčina	"whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of dějiny"[93]	romány, dramata, poezie
2000		Kao Sing-ťien	Francie Francie (od 1998) Čína Čína (1940–1998)	Chinese	"for an oeuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese romány and dramata"[94]	romány, dramata, literární kritika
2001		V. S. Naipaul	Spojené království Spojené království (narozen v Trinidadu a Tobagu)	angličtina	"for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories"[95]	romány, eseje
2002		Imre Kertész	Maďarsko Maďarsko	maďarština	"for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of dějiny"[96]	romány
2003		J. M. Coetzee	Austrálie Austrálie Jižní Afrika Jižní Afrika	angličtina	"who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider"[97]	romány, eseje, překlady
2004		Elfriede Jelineková	Rakousko Rakousko	němčina	"for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in románys and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clichés and their subjugating power"[98]	romány, dramata
2005		Harold Pinter	Spojené království Spojené království	angličtina	"who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms"[99]	dramata, scénáře
2006		Orhan Pamuk	Turecko Turecko	turečtina	"who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures"[100]	romány, scénáře, eseje
2007		Doris Lessingová	Spojené království Spojené království Zimbabwe Zimbabwe (narozena v Persii)	angličtina	"that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny"[101]	romány, dramata, poezie, povídky, paměti
2008		J. M. G. Le Clézio	Francie Francie Mauricius Mauricius	francouzština	"author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization"[102]	romány, povídky, eseje, překlady
2009		Herta Müllerová	Německo Německo (narozena v Rumunsku)	němčina	"who, with the concentration of poezie and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed"[103]	romány, povídky, poezie
2010		Mario Vargas Llosa	Peru Peru Španělsko Španělsko	španělština	"for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat"[104]	romány, povídky, eseje, dramata, paměti
2011		Tomas Tranströmer	Švédsko Švédsko	švédština	"because, through his condensed, translucent images, he gives us fresh access to reality"[105]	poezie, překlady
2012		Mo Jen	Čína Čína	čínština	"who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, dějiny and the contemporary"[106]	romány, povídky
2013		Alice Munroová	Kanada Kanada	angličtina	"master of the contemporary povídky"[107]	povídky
2014		Patrick Modiano	Francie Francie	francouzština	"for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the occupation"[108]	romány
2015		Světlana Alexijevičová	Bělorusko Bělorusko (narozena v SSSR)	ruština	"for her polyphonic writings, a monument to suffering and courage in our time" [109]	dějiny, eseje
2016		Bob Dylan	Spojené státy americké Spojené státy americké	angličtina	"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition"[110]	poezie, songwriting
2017		Kazuo Ishiguro	Spojené království Spojené království (narozen v Japonsku)	angličtina	"who, in románys of great emotional force, has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world"[111]	romány
2018 (awarded 2019)		Olga Tokarczuková	Polsko Polsko	polština	“for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life”[112]	romány, povídky, poezie, eseje
2019		Peter Handke	Rakousko Rakousko	němčina	"for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience."[113]	romány, povídky, dramata