Toryo

Ang toryo (Iningles thorium) mao ang elementong kimiko sa talaang peryodiko nga may simbolo nga Th ug kaiphan nga atomik 90. Ang toryo mao ang aktinido.

Thorium
90Th
Ce ↑ Th ↓ (Uqb) Periodic table actinium ← thorium → protactinium
Panagway
silvery, often with black tarnish
Kinatibuk-ang mga kinaiya
Ngalan, simbolo, kaiphan	thorium, Th, 90
Paglitok	/ˈθɔəriəm/ [[Help:Pronunciation respelling key|Plantilya:Smallcaps all-ee-əm]]
Kategoriyang elemento	aktinido
Group, period, block	[[group {{{group}}} element|{{{group}}}]], 7, f
Gibug-aton sa atomo	232.03806
Kontorno sa elektron	[Rn] 6d2 7s2 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
History
Pagkadiskobre	Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1829)
Physical properties
Phase	magahi
Density (near r.t.)	11.7 g·cm−3
Melting point	2115 K, 1842 °C, 3348 °F
Boiling point	5061 K, 4788 °C, 8650 °F
Heat of fusion	13.81 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	514 kJ·mol−1
Molar heat capacity	26.230 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 2633 2907 3248 3683 4259 5055
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	4, 3, 2, 1 (weakly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	1.3 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies	1st: 587 kJ·mol−1
	2nd: 1110 kJ·mol−1
	3rd: 1930 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius	179 pm
Covalent radius	206±6 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	face-centered cubic
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic[1]
Electrical resistivity	(0 °C) 147 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity	54.0 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion	(25 °C) 11.0 µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod)	(20 °C) 2490 m·s−1
Young's modulus	79 GPa
Shear modulus	31 GPa
Bulk modulus	54 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.27
Mohs hardness	3.0
Vickers hardness	350 MPa
Brinell hardness	400 MPa
CAS registry number	7440-29-1
Most stable isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of thorium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 228Th trace 1.9116 y α 5.520 224Ra 229Th trace 7340 y α 5.168 225Ra 230Th trace 75380 y α 4.770 226Ra 231Th trace 25.5 h β− 0.39 231Pa 232Th 100% 1.405×1010 y α 4.083 228Ra 234Th trace 24.1 d β− 0.27 234Pa
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