Eskandyo

Ang eskandyo (Iningles scandium) mao ang elementong kimiko sa talaang peryodiko nga may simbolo nga Sc ug kaiphan nga atomik 21. Ang eskandyo mao ang puthaw nga transisyon.

Scandium
21Sc
-

Sc

Y
Hydrogen (other non-metal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (other non-metal)
Nitrogen (other non-metal)
Oxygen (other non-metal)
Fluorine (halogen)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (other non-metal)
Sulfur (other non-metal)
Chlorine (halogen)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (other non-metal)
Bromine (halogen)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (halogen)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanoid)
Cerium (lanthanoid)
Praseodymium (lanthanoid)
Neodymium (lanthanoid)
Promethium (lanthanoid)
Samarium (lanthanoid)
Europium (lanthanoid)
Gadolinium (lanthanoid)
Terbium (lanthanoid)
Dysprosium (lanthanoid)
Holmium (lanthanoid)
Erbium (lanthanoid)
Thulium (lanthanoid)
Ytterbium (lanthanoid)
Lutetium (lanthanoid)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (halogen)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinoid)
Thorium (actinoid)
Protactinium (actinoid)
Uranium (actinoid)
Neptunium (actinoid)
Plutonium (actinoid)
Americium (actinoid)
Curium (actinoid)
Berkelium (actinoid)
Californium (actinoid)
Einsteinium (actinoid)
Fermium (actinoid)
Mendelevium (actinoid)
Nobelium (actinoid)
Lawrencium (actinoid)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Ununtrium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununpentium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununseptium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununoctium (unknown chemical properties)
Periodic table
calciumscandiumtitanium
Panagway
silvery white
Kinatibuk-ang mga kinaiya
Ngalan, simbolo, kaiphanscandium, Sc, 21
Paglitok/ˈskændiəm/ [[Help:Pronunciation respelling key|Plantilya:Smallcaps all-dee-əm]]
Kategoriyang elementoputhaw nga transisyon
Group, period, block3, 4, d
Gibug-aton sa atomo44.955912(6)
Kontorno sa elektron[Ar] 3d1 4s2
2, 8, 9, 2
Electron shells of scandium (2, 8, 9, 2)
Electron shells of scandium (2, 8, 9, 2)
History
PredictionDmitri Mendeleev (1871)
PagkadiskobreLars Fredrik Nilson (1879)
First isolationLars Fredrik Nilson (1879)
Physical properties
Phasemagahi
Density (near r.t.)2.985 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p.2.80 g·cm−3
Melting point1814 K, 1541 °C, 2806 °F
Boiling point3109 K, 2836 °C, 5136 °F
Heat of fusion14.1 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization332.7 kJ·mol−1
Molar heat capacity25.52 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P (Pa)1101001 k10 k100 k
at T (K)16451804(2006)(2266)(2613)(3101)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states3, 2[1], 1[2]
(amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity1.36 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)
1st: 633.1 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 1235.0 kJ·mol−1
3rd: 2388.6 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius162 pm
Covalent radius170±7 pm
Van der Waals radius211 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structurehexagonal
Scandium has a hexagonal crystal structure
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic
Electrical resistivity(r.t.) (α, poly)
calc. 562 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity15.8 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion(r.t.) (α, poly)
10.2 µm/(m·K)
Young's modulus74.4 GPa
Shear modulus29.1 GPa
Bulk modulus56.6 GPa
Poisson ratio0.279
Brinell hardness750 MPa
CAS registry number7440-20-2
Most stable isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of scandium
isoNAhalf-lifeDMDE (MeV)DP
44m2Scsyn58.61 hIT0.270944Sc
γ1.0, 1.1, 1.144Sc
ε-44Ca
45Sc100%45Sc is stable with 24 neutrons
46Scsyn83.79 dβ0.356946Ti
γ0.889, 1.120-
47Scsyn3.3492 dβ0.44, 0.6047Ti
γ0.159-
48Scsyn43.67 hβ0.66148Ti
γ0.9, 1.3, 1.0-
· r

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